Homeless Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients in SAAP 2006–07
A report from the SAAP National Data Collection

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare is Australia’s national health and welfare statistics and information agency. The Institute’s mission is better information and statistics for better health and wellbeing.

Please note that as with all statistical reports there is the potential for minor revisions of data in this report over its life. Please refer to the online version at <www.aihw.gov.au>.

Homeless Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients in SAAP 2006–07
A report from the SAAP National Data Collection

January 2009

© Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2009

This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Head, Media and Communications Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, GPO Box 570, Canberra ACT 2601.

This is a companion report to Homeless people in SAAP: SAAP National Data Collection annual report 2006–07 (AIHW 2008b). A complete list of the Institute’s publications is available from the Institute’s website <www.aihw.gov.au>. 

ISBN 978 1 74024 879 2

Suggested citation 
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2009. Homeless Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients in SAAP 2006–07: a report from the SAAP National Data Collection. Cat. no. HOU 190. Canberra: AIHW.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 
Board Chair
Hon. Peter Collins, AM, QC

Director 
Penny Allbon

Any enquiries about or comments on this publication should be directed to:
Manager
SAAP National Data Collection Agency
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
GPO Box 570
Canberra ACT 2601
Phone: (02) 6244 1206
Email: ndca@aihw.gov.au

Cover image: Joylene Hayes, Four Springs, 900 x 1000mm, acrylic on canvas, Irrkerlantye Arts, © artist. Contact: info@irrkerlantyearts.com.

Published by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Printed by Union Offset Printers 

Contents
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and symbols
Summary
1	Introduction
2	Profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in SAAP
3	Client groups and main reason for seeking assistance
4	Location of SAAP agency attended
5	Length of support and accommodation
6	Meeting the needs of clients and accompanying children
7	Circumstances before and after support
8	Case management
Appendix 1	State and territory supplementary tables
Appendix 2	Counting rules and glossary
Appendix 3	SAAP NDC Client Collection form
References
List of tables
List of figures

Acknowledgements
This report was prepared by staff of the SAAP National Data Collection Agency (NDCA) at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). The Information Services and Publishing Unit of the AIHW provided assistance in preparing the report for publication.
The SAAP Information Subcommittee provided helpful comments on the draft report. 
This report draws together a large amount of statistical material and could not have been produced without the efforts and cooperation of SAAP service providers and clients, who provided service and client information, and of the Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA) and state and territory funding departments, which provided administrative data.

Abbreviations and symbols
Abbreviations
ABS	Australian Bureau of Statistics	
ACT	Australian Capital Territory	
AIHW	Australian Institute of Health and Welfare	
CAP	Crisis Accommodation Program	
DV	Domestic violence	
NDC	National Data Collection	
NDCA	National Data Collection Agency	
No.	Number	
NSW	New South Wales	
NT	Northern Territory	
Qld	Queensland	
SA	South Australia	
SAAP	Supported Accommodation Assistance Program	
Tas	Tasmania	
Vic	Victoria	
WA	Western Australia	

Symbols in tables
. .	not applicable	
—	nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)	
n.e.s.	not elsewhere specified	

Summary
This report provides an overview of assistance given to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients and their accompanying children by the Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP) during 2006–07.
Demographic profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients and accompanying children (Chapter 2)
During 2006–07, 37,800 Indigenous Australians attended a SAAP agency. Of these, 20,100 (18%) were clients and 17,700 (27%) were accompanying children. A greater proportion of Indigenous clients were female (72%) than for non-Indigenous clients (59%) and Indigenous clients were generally younger than non-Indigenous clients, with a median age of 28 years compared with 30 years.
Indigenous Australians were more likely to have attended a SAAP agency than 
non-Indigenous Australians. On average 1 in 19 Indigenous Australians became a SAAP client, compared with 1 in 200 non-Indigenous Australians. Indigenous children were also more likely to have accompanied their parent or guardian to a SAAP agency; on average 1 in 13 Indigenous children aged 0–17 years, compared with 1 in 98 non-Indigenous children.
Type and location of SAAP agency attended (Chapters 3 and 4)
In 2006–07, 38% of support periods for Indigenous clients were provided by SAAP agencies primarily targeting women escaping domestic violence, compared with 21% for non-Indigenous clients. Compared with non-Indigenous clients, smaller proportions of support periods for Indigenous clients were provided by agencies primarily targeting single men and those agencies with a general focus. 
Indigenous clients generally attended SAAP agencies in more remote locations than non-Indigenous clients. Sixty-four per cent of support periods for Indigenous clients were provided by agencies located outside of Major Cities, compared with just 28% of support periods for non-Indigenous clients.
Main reason for seeking assistance (Chapter 3)
Domestic or family violence was the single main reason for seeking SAAP assistance given in the greatest proportion of support periods (in 29% for Indigenous and 22% for non-Indigenous clients). Note that the higher figure seen here for Indigenous clients was influenced by the greater proportion of support periods provided to Indigenous females. 
Length of support and accommodation (Chapter 5)
On average, Indigenous clients had shorter support periods than non-Indigenous clients, with a mean length of 47 days compared with 54 days, and a median length of 7 days compared with 9 days. Indigenous males tended to have longer support periods than Indigenous females.
Just over half (53%) of the closed support periods for Indigenous clients included at least one period of accommodation; higher than the 38% of closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients. Indigenous clients generally had shorter stays in accommodation, with a mean length of accommodation of 32 days compared with 56 days and a median length of 6 days compared with 13 days.
Services required and their provision (Chapter 6)
Housing or accommodation support was the broad type of service most often required for Indigenous clients; recorded in 73% of closed support periods, higher than the 64% recorded for non-Indigenous clients. Basic support and other services were also required in a greater proportion of closed support periods for Indigenous than non-Indigenous clients. Like Indigenous clients, Indigenous accompanying children required accommodation and the basic support types in a greater proportion of their closed accompanying child support periods than non-Indigenous accompanying children. 
SAAP agencies were able to provide the majority of services required for both clients and accompanying children, regardless of Indigenous status. Just 4% of the services required for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients remained unmet (neither provided nor referred) at the end of SAAP  support, and the corresponding figures were 2% for Indigenous accompanying children and 3% for non-Indigenous accompanying children.
Circumstances before and after support (Chapter 7)
Indigenous clients were most often living in a house or flat before and after support, and reported this type of accommodation a greater proportion of the time when compared with non-Indigenous clients. Indigenous clients were also more likely to have been renting their accommodation from a public or community housing authority than non-Indigenous clients.
Indigenous clients most often reported that they were not in the labour force (before and after roughly three quarters of their closed support periods) and that their main source of income was a government payment. The Parenting Payment was the government payment most often received by Indigenous clients, followed by Newstart Allowance. 
Indigenous clients reported living with relatives or friends short term before and after support more often than non-Indigenous clients. Indigenous clients reported living alone before and after a smaller proportion of their support periods than non-Indigenous clients.
The sex of the client influenced what they reported before and after support, and as a greater proportion of Indigenous clients were female, often the overall Indigenous numbers and percentages more closely resembled what was reported by Indigenous females. 
Case management (Chapter 8)
Over half (57%) of closed support periods provided to Indigenous clients had a case management plan in place by the end of support, slightly lower than the 61% recorded for non-Indigenous clients. Where a case management plan was put in place for an Indigenous client, at least some of the goals set out in the plan were achieved in 93% of their closed support periods. 

1	Introduction
This report presents information about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians who received support from the Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP) at some time during the 2006–07 financial year. 
This report opens by presenting the demographic profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients and accompanying children (in Chapter 2), while the number of support periods provided to clients of each client group, the type of SAAP agency attended and the main reason for seeking assistance are provided in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents information on the location (or remoteness) of the SAAP agency attended, while the length of support and accommodation received are discussed in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 presents information on the types of support required by Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients and accompanying children and the extent to which these supports were able to be provided by the SAAP agency. Chapter 7 presents information on the circumstances of clients before and after their SAAP support periods (such as the type of accommodation, who they were living with, their main source of income and their employment status), while Chapter 8 shows how often a case management plan was put in place and the extent to which these plans were successful. In Appendix 1 much of the data from the body of the report is presented by state and territory, Appendix 2 contains the counting rules used throughout the report and a glossary of terms, and Appendix 3 shows the 2006–07 Client Collection form.  
Note that an accurate interpretation of the analyses presented here requires an understanding of the particular concepts and terms used in the National Data Collection. Readers are therefore encouraged to consult Appendix 2 of this report, the National Data Collection Agency (NDCA) collectors manual (AIHW 2005) and the SAAP NDCA Series 12 annual report (AIHW 2008b).
The Supported Accommodation Assistance Program
SAAP is the major response by the Australian Government and state and territory governments to resolve and prevent homelessness. SAAP was established in 1985 to consolidate a number of Australian and state and territory government programs designed to assist people who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. Each year the program funds non-government, community or local government agencies that range from small stand-alone agencies with single outlets to auspices with multiple outlets. These agencies provide accommodation and support services to a range of groups—single men, single women, young people, families, women and children escaping domestic violence, or a combination of client groups. In 2006–07 there were 1,539 SAAP funded agencies Australia-wide (AIHW 2008b:8). 
While SAAP is the major response to resolve and prevent homelessness, it is important to note that not all homeless people in Australia become SAAP clients. In the Counting the Homeless project, based largely on the 2006 Census of population and housing, Chamberlain and MacKenzie found that around 19% of the homeless on Census night 2006 were in SAAP accommodation (Chamberlain & MacKenzie, 2008:13). While an additional number of homeless Australians would have been SAAP clients but not have been in SAAP accommodation, it is obvious that not all those enumerated in the Counting the Homeless project are accessing SAAP services. The data presented in this report are gathered only from those people who accessed SAAP services.
Indigenous Australians who were homeless or at risk of homelessness were overrepresented in the SAAP client population relative to both the Australian population and the homeless population. According to preliminary estimates from the 2006 Census, around 2% of the Australian population were Indigenous Australians (ABS 2007a), and, from the Counting the Homeless project, around 9% of the homeless on Census night 2006 were Indigenous (Chamberlain & MacKenzie, 2008:29). Both these proportions are lower than the 22% of SAAP clients and accompanying children who were Indigenous, and further investigation is required to explain this. Factors that could have contributed to these differences include:
•	An undercount of Indigenous Australians in the 2006 Census. Taylor & Biddle (2008) reported that there was an 11.5% undercount nationally, however there was variation between states and between regions. As this undercount was picked up in the Census post enumeration survey, an adjustment was applied to the estimated resident Indigenous population. Chamberlain & MacKenzie (2008:29), however, believe that this undercount would still have affected their count of homeless Indigenous Australians.
•	Chamberlain & MacKenzie (2008:29) believe that cultural differences around the concept of ‘home’ could have resulted in Indigenous Australians less often reporting ‘no usual address’ when staying with family or friends after escaping domestic violence or other family problems. This would result in fewer Indigenous Australians being counted as homeless.
•	The nature of SAAP as a service response to homelessness means that the number of people who are able to receive SAAP support and the demographic profile of these people can be influenced by factors such as the location and the primary target group of SAAP agencies. 
Data issues
The Indigenous status of SAAP clients is established through the question ‘Does the client identify as being of Aboriginal or Torres strait Islander origin?’. The client’s response to this question is only available for use if the client provided informed consent to participate in the collection. In 2006–07, 80% of support periods were returned with consent and a valid response for the Indigenous status question (AIHW unpublished data). A similar question is asked to gauge the Indigenous status of accompanying children, and this data becomes available if the accompanying child’s parent or guardian provided consent to participate in the collection. In 2006–07, 85% of accompanying child support periods had both a valid response to the Indigenous status question and consent. 
A component of the SAAP National Data Collection (NDC) weighting system (see AIHW 2008b:102–103) adjusts for client non-consent, and an adjustment is also made for accompanying children where the accompanying child’s parent or guardian did not give consent. These adjustments are applied to the majority of tables in this report. No adjustment is made for those records returned with consent but without a valid response to the Indigenous status questions, and the number of records excluded for this reason contribute to the errors and omissions reported in the footnotes for each table. 
As is the case for many data collections, there are issues around the collection of the Indigenous status of clients and accompanying children. For example, collecting Indigenous status information in the SAAP NDC could be problematic due to a feeling among some individuals that declaring their Indigenous heritage could result in discrimination. In addition, there is anecdotal evidence to suggest that some SAAP agencies apply different identification criteria when answering the Indigenous status questions. NDC protocols advise that the questions be answered from the client’s point of view. However some agencies apply more rigorous criteria that require clients to additionally demonstrate Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent and be accepted as an Indigenous person by an Indigenous community. In 2007 a training package specifically targeted towards SAAP workers who work with Indigenous clients was developed by the NDCA, and one of the benefits of this package will be to further clarify the reporting requirements around this issue. 
In this report Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are reported together as Indigenous Australians. In the 2006–07 collection year 94% of Indigenous clients identified as Aboriginal, 3% as Torres Strait Islander and 3% as both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (AIHW unpublished data). There was some variation by state and territory, with the proportion of Indigenous clients who identified as Aboriginal ranging from 98% in South Australia to 86% in Queensland. A greater proportion of Indigenous clients in Queensland identified as a Torres Strait Islander (8% compared with 3% or less for the other states and territories), and both Queensland and the Northern Territory had higher proportions of Indigenous clients who identified as both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (6% and 5%, respectively, compared with 3% or less for the other states and territory).
The experience of homelessness for Indigenous Australians may differ from that of non-Indigenous Australians in ways that cannot be captured by the SAAP NDC. For example, the authors of a major study into Indigenous homelessness considered ‘spiritual homelessness’ to be ‘the most fundamental form of homelessness in the Indigenous context’ (Keys Young, 1998:26). Spiritual homelessness was described as the state of being disconnected from one’s homeland, separation from family or kinship networks (possibly due to state child removal policies), or not being familiar with one’s heritage, and was said to be a consequence of ‘the history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the last 200 years’. It is possible that experiences such as this are affecting the extent to which Indigenous Australians use SAAP, however this is not captured directly by the NDC.
As this report is national in scope and attempts to give an overview of the experience of Indigenous clients in SAAP generally, some detail is lost due to aggregation of the data. To minimise the negative effect of this, most tables, in addition to presenting information by the Indigenous status of the clients, are further broken down by sex, age, or client group. Five boxes provide summary statistics on subpopulations of interest (Indigenous clients who presented to SAAP agencies in different remoteness regions, and Indigenous and non-Indigenous women with children), and Appendix 1 presents much of the information from the body of the report by state and territory. 
2	Profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in SAAP
This chapter presents information on SAAP clients and accompanying children. These populations differ from the support period and accompanying child support period populations used in the majority of this report as they are a representation of individuals who received SAAP support in 2006–07. For information on the derivation of these populations see Appendix 2 and AIHW 2005. 
Information presented in this chapter includes demographic information such as the sex and age of clients and accompanying children, and, as a client or accompanying child can present to a SAAP agency more than once during the year, the number of support periods or accompanying child support periods received per client or accompanying child is provided. The rate of SAAP use by the Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian population is also presented for clients and accompanying children.
Clients
In 2006–07, 20,100 (or 18% of) SAAP clients identified as Indigenous Australians (Table 2.1). This figure does not include accompanying children. 
Sex and age
A greater proportion of Indigenous clients in SAAP were female compared with non-Indigenous clients (72% compared with 59%) and Indigenous clients were on average slightly younger than non-Indigenous clients, with a median age of 28 years compared with 30 years for non-Indigenous clients (Table 2.1). This could be expected considering that the Indigenous population is younger than the non-Indigenous population, with a median age of 21 years compared with 37 years (ABS 2008:14).
Indigenous male clients had a median age of 30 years compared with 32 years for non-Indigenous male clients, and Indigenous female clients had a median age of 28 years compared with 29 years for non-Indigenous female clients. Figure 2.1 shows the proportion of clients in each of the age and sex cohorts. Indigenous males had the greatest proportion of clients in the two youngest cohorts, with 4% aged 0–14 years and 21% aged 15–19 years. Indigenous female clients had the greatest proportion aged 20–24 years (18%) and also the greatest proportion aged 25–34 (30%). There were more Indigenous females than males in every age cohort (Table 2.1).

Figure 2.1: SAAP clients: Indigenous status, by sex and age, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)	
SAAP use
Support periods per client
Overall, Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients had a similar average number of support periods per client in 2006–07 (1.7 and 1.8 respectively) and a similar proportion of clients who had just one support period in the year (72% of Indigenous clients and 73% of non-Indigenous clients) (tables 2.3 and 2.4).
Indigenous male clients had fewer support periods per client than non-Indigenous male clients (on average 1.7 compared with 1.9, respectively), and this was also the case for each age group. This difference was largest for older clients, with Indigenous male clients aged 45–64 years having, on average, 1.6 support periods per client and those aged 65 years and over having 1.5, compared with 2.1 and 2.0 for the comparable non-Indigenous male age groups. There was less difference between female Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients in this regard, although Indigenous females, on average, had slightly more support periods per client than non-Indigenous females (1.7 compared with 1.6). Indigenous males and females had a similar average number of support periods per client (1.7 for each sex). 
Rate of SAAP use
Relative to their proportion in the population, Indigenous Australians are overrepresented in the SAAP client population. Eighteen per cent of SAAP clients identified as an Indigenous Australian, compared with 2% of people in the Australian population (Table 2.1 and ABS 2007a). On average 1 in 19 Indigenous Australians (or 513 clients per 10,000 population aged 10 years and over) received substantial support from a SAAP agency in 2006–07. This compares with 1 in 200 non-Indigenous Australians (or 50 per 10,000 population aged 10 years and over) (Figure 2.2). On average 1 in 14 Indigenous females (or 733 per 10,000) became a SAAP client, as did 1 in 35 Indigenous males (or 288 per 10,000). These rates were considerably higher than the comparable non-Indigenous rates which were 1 in 169 (or 59 per 10,000) for females and 1 in 238 (or 42 per 10,000) for males. Indigenous females aged 
20–24 years were most likely to have been a SAAP client in 2006–07 at a rate of 1 in 8 
(or 1,190 per 10,000) and Indigenous females aged 25–34 years were the next most likely at 
1 in 9 (or 1,159 per 10,000).

Figure 2.2: SAAP clients: number of SAAP clients per 10,000 population aged 10 years and over, by Indigenous status, Australia, 2006–07	
Accompanying children
In 2006–07, 17,700 (or 27% of) accompanying children in SAAP were Indigenous (Table 2.2). Interestingly, Indigenous accompanying children made up a larger proportion of the SAAP accompanying child population (27%) than Indigenous clients did of the SAAP client population (18%). This difference may largely be explained by the higher proportion of Indigenous clients who were female (72% compared with 59% of non-Indigenous clients; Table 2.1), and the fact that the majority of children accompanied a female guardian to SAAP (87% of accompanying child support periods for Indigenous children and 85% for non-Indigenous accompanying children; Table 3.2). This may account for the greater proportion of support periods for Indigenous clients with at least one associated accompanying child (33% compared with 23%; AIHW unpublished data). Another contributing factor for the greater proportion of Indigenous accompanying children could be that, when they did have accompanying children, Indigenous clients had more accompanying children per support period than non-Indigenous clients (2.15 compared with 1.99) (Table 2.5).
Sex and age
Figure 2.3 shows that Indigenous and non-Indigenous accompanying children were similarly distributed by sex and age. Forty-eight per cent of Indigenous accompanying children were male, as were 50% of non-Indigenous accompanying children, and the median age of both Indigenous and non-Indigenous accompanying children was 5 years (Table 2.2). 

Figure 2.3: SAAP accompanying children: Indigenous status by sex and age, Australia, 
2006–07 (per cent)	
Rate of SAAP use
Relative to their proportion in the Australian population, Indigenous accompanying children were more likely to have visited a SAAP agency and/or received SAAP support in 2006–07. Twenty-seven per cent of accompanying children in SAAP were Indigenous, which was greater than the 5% of the Australian population aged 0–17 years who were Indigenous (Table 2.2; ABS 2007a; ABS unpublished data). On average 1 in 13 Indigenous children (or 775 per 10,000) accompanied a parent or guardian who was a SAAP client, compared with 1 in 98 non-Indigenous children (or 102 per 10,000). Once in SAAP Indigenous and non-Indigenous accompanying children had very similar numbers of accompanying child support periods per accompanying child (1.45 compared with 1.44, respectively).  

Tables
Table 2.1: SAAP clients: sex and age, by Indigenous status, Australia, 2006–07
	Indigenous		Non-Indigenous		Total	
	%	Number		%	Number		%	Number	
Total SAAP clients	18.3	20,100		81.7	89,800		100.0	109,900	
Sex and age									
Male	27.8	5,600		40.8	36,600		38.4	42,200	
0–14 years	4.1	200		2.4	900		2.6	1,100	
15–19 years	21.1	1,200		17.7	6,500		18.1	7,600	
20–24 years	13.9	800		13.2	4,800		13.2	5,600	
25–34 years	22.4	1,200		23.0	8,400		22.9	9,700	
35–44 years	23.1	1,300		22.9	8,400		22.9	9,700	
45–64 years	14.7	800		18.2	6,700		17.7	7,500	
65+ years	0.9	<50		2.7	1,000		2.4	1,000	
Total (%)	100.0	. .		100.0	. .		100.0	. .	
									
Female	72.2	14,500		59.2	53,200		61.6	67,700	
0–14 years	3.3	500		2.7	1,400		2.8	1,900	
15–19 years	18.6	2,700		19.3	10,300		19.1	13,000	
20–24 years	18.0	2,600		15.4	8,200		16.0	10,800	
25–34 years	29.8	4,300		26.6	14,100		27.3	18,500	
35–44 years	20.5	3,000		22.1	11,800		21.8	14,700	
45–64 years	9.1	1,300		12.4	6,600		11.7	7,900	
65+ years	0.6	100		1.5	800		1.3	900	
Total (%)	100.0	. .		100.0	. .		100.0	. .	
									
Mean age 	. .	29.7		. .	31.8		. .	31.4	
Male	. .	30.8		. .	33.3		. .	32.9	
Female	. .	29.3		. .	30.8		. .	30.5	
Median age	. .	28		. .	30		. .	30	
Male	. .	30		. .	32		. .	32	
Female	. .	28		. .	29		. .	29	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions in ‘Indigenous status’ (weighted): 8,911 clients.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 2.2: SAAP accompanying children: selected measures by Indigenous status, 
Australia, 2006–07
	Indigenous		Non-Indigenous		Total	
	%	Number		%	Number		%	Number	
Total accompanying children	27.0	17,700		73.0	47,900		100.0	65,600	
Sex and age									
Male	48.4	8,600		50.3	24,100		49.8	32,600	
0–4 years	48.1	4,100		44.3	10,700		45.3	14,800	
5–9 years	29.5	2,500		28.2	6,800		28.6	9,300	
10–14 years	18.1	1,600		21.1	5,100		20.3	6,600	
15–17 years	4.2	400		6.4	1,500		5.8	1,900	
Total (%)	100.0	. .		100.0	. .		100.0	. .	
Female	51.6	9,100		49.7	23,800		50.2	32,900	
0–4 years	46.2	4,200		43.7	10,400		44.4	14,600	
5–9 years	28.3	2,600		28.3	6,700		28.3	9,300	
10–14 years	20.3	1,900		21.2	5,100		21.0	6,900	
15–17 years	5.3	500		6.8	1,600		6.4	2,100	
Total (%)	100.0	. .		100.0	. .		100.0	. .	
Mean age	. .	5.8		. .	6.3		. .	6.2	
Male	. .	5.7		. .	6.3		. .	6.1	
Female	. .	6.0		. .	6.3		. .	6.2	
Median age	. .	5		. .	5		. .	5	
Male	. .	5		. .	5		. .	5	
Female	. .	5		. .	5		. .	5	
Mean number of accompanying child support periods per accompanying child 	. .	1.45		. .	1.44		. .	1.44	
Male	. .	1.45		. .	1.44		. .	1.44	
Female	. .	1.44		. .	1.43		. .	1.44	
Per 10,000 population 0–17 years(a)	. .	775		. .	102		. .	134	
Male	. .	731		. .	100		. .	130	
Female	. .	821		. .	105		. .	138	
(a)	 ‘Per 10,000 population 0–17 years’ shows how many children out of every 10,000 Indigenous, non-Indigenous and total children aged 0–17 years in the population became SAAP accompanying children. The rates are estimated by comparing the number of SAAP accompanying children with the designated estimated resident population as at 30 June 2006 (preliminary estimates).
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions in ‘Indigenous status’ (weighted): 3,506 accompanying children.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client Collection; ABS 2007a; ABS unpublished data.

Table 2.3: Indigenous SAAP clients: number of support periods per client, by sex and age, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Number of support periods	0–14 years	15–19 years	20–24 years	25–34 years	35–44 years	45–64 years	65+ 
years	Total	
								%	Number	
Indigenous male clients	
1	86.3	74.4	78.1	73.1	72.7	75.0	70.9	74.8	4,200	
2	8.9	14.8	13.2	14.8	14.7	12.8	24.2	14.1	800	
3+	4.8	10.8	8.7	12.2	12.6	12.2	4.9	11.1	600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	4.1	21.1	13.9	22.4	23.1	14.7	0.9	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	200	1,200	800	1,200	1,300	800	<50	. .	5,600	
Mean number of support periods 	1.29	1.66	1.58	1.73	1.73	1.64	1.49	. .	1.66	
Per 10,000 population(a)	47	417	343	346	413	244	71	. .	288	
Indigenous female clients	
1	81.5	74.7	70.7	68.3	68.0	75.5	80.0	71.0	10,300	
2	12.0	14.8	15.7	15.8	17.0	14.3	11.5	15.6	2,300	
3+	6.5	10.5	13.7	15.9	15.0	10.1	8.5	13.4	2,000	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	3.3	18.6	18.0	29.8	20.5	9.1	0.6	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	500	2,700	2,600	4,300	3,000	1,300	100	. .	14,500	
Mean number of support periods 	1.44	1.58	1.69	1.84	1.79	1.60	1.45	. .	1.72	
Per 10,000 population(a)	111	1020	1190	1159	877	367	94	. .	733	
All Indigenous clients	
1	83.1	74.6	72.4	69.4	69.4	75.3	76.8	72.1	14,500	
2	11.0	14.8	15.1	15.6	16.3	13.8	16.0	15.1	3,000	
3+	6.0	10.6	12.5	15.1	14.3	10.9	7.2	12.8	2,600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	3.5	19.3	16.9	27.7	21.3	10.7	0.7	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	700	3,900	3,400	5,600	4,300	2,100	100	. .	20,100	
Mean number of support periods 	1.39	1.61	1.66	1.81	1.77	1.61	1.46	. .	1.70	
Per 10,000 population(a)	78	709	762	759	655	308	84	. .	513	
(a)	‘Per 10,000 population’ shows how many Indigenous people out of every 10,000 Indigenous people in the population of that sex and age group became SAAP clients. The rate is estimated by comparing the number of Indigenous SAAP clients with the estimated resident Indigenous population in the designated sex and age group as at 30 June 2006 (preliminary estimates). Neither the client nor population figures include those aged under 10 years.
Notes
1.	When interpreting this table note that there were 8,911 (weighted) clients nationally for whom ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.  
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client Collection; ABS 2007a.

Table 2.4: Non-Indigenous SAAP clients: number of support periods per client, by sex and age, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Number of support periods	0–14 years	15–19 years	20–24 years	25–34 years	35–44 years	45–64 years	65+ 
years	Total	
								%	Number	
Non-Indigenous male clients	
1	82.2	70.7	72.0	68.3	68.7	70.1	76.2	70.1	25,700	
2	10.1	16.2	15.8	15.8	14.5	14.8	12.7	15.2	5,600	
3+	7.7	13.2	12.2	16.0	16.8	15.1	11.2	14.7	5,400	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	2.4	17.7	13.2	23.0	22.9	18.2	2.7	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	900	6,500	4,800	8,400	8,400	6,700	1,000	. .	36,600	
Mean number of support periods 	1.44	1.73	1.73	2.04	2.01	2.08	1.95	. .	1.93	
Per 10,000 population(a)	8	93	66	60	56	26	8	. .	42	
Non-Indigenous female clients	
1	82.5	72.4	72.5	73.9	75.8	79.5	86.0	75.0	39,900	
2	11.5	15.8	15.8	14.6	14.2	11.9	8.0	14.4	7,700	
3+	6.0	11.8	11.7	11.5	10.0	8.6	6.0	10.6	5,700	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	2.7	19.3	15.4	26.6	22.1	12.4	1.5	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	1,400	10,300	8,200	14,100	11,800	6,600	800	. .	53,200	
Mean number of support periods 	1.40	1.64	1.65	1.67	1.61	1.55	1.46	. .	1.62	
Per 10,000 population(a)	14	155	117	100	78	26	5	. .	59	
All non-Indigenous clients	
1	82.4	71.7	72.3	71.8	72.9	74.8	80.5	73.0	65,600	
2	11.0	15.9	15.8	15.0	14.3	13.4	10.6	14.7	13,200	
3+	6.6	12.3	11.9	13.2	12.8	11.9	8.9	12.3	11,000	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	2.6	18.6	14.5	25.1	22.4	14.8	2.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	2,300	16,700	13,000	22,600	20,100	13,300	1,800	. .	89,800	
Mean number of support periods 	1.41	1.68	1.68	1.81	1.77	1.82	1.73	. .	1.75	
Per 10,000 population(a)	11	123	91	80	67	26	7	. .	50	
(a)	‘Per 10,000 population’ shows how many non-Indigenous people out of every 10,000 non-Indigenous people in the population of that sex and age group became SAAP clients. The rate is estimated by comparing the number of non-Indigenous SAAP clients with the estimated resident non-Indigenous population in the designated sex and age group as at 30 June 2006 (preliminary estimates). Neither the client nor population figures include those aged under 10 years.
Notes
1.	When interpreting this table note that there were 8,911 (weighted) clients nationally for whom ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client Collection; ABS 2007a.

Table 2.5: Mean number of accompanying child support periods per support period, by Indigenous status of client and client group, Australia, 2006–07
	Couple with children 	Male with children	Female with children	Other with children	Total	
Indigenous	
Mean no. of accompanying child support periods per support period	2.40	1.76	2.14	2.02	2.15	
Non-Indigenous	
Mean no. of accompanying child support periods per support period	2.20	1.75	1.98	1.46	1.99	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 2,096 support periods with associated accompanying child support periods.
2.	Although each member of a couple has an individual support period, in this table a couple presenting with children contributes only one support period. 
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

3	Client groups and main reason for seeking assistance
This chapter presents information on the Indigenous and non-Indigenous client groups that were supported by SAAP during 2006–07, and discusses the primary target group of the agency from which these groups received support. The main reason for seeking SAAP assistance for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients is also presented.
The client groups were classified according to the relationship the client had to the people they were assisted with, not according to what they may more generally have considered their family situation to be. For example, if a married woman with children was escaping a violent situation and was supported by a SAAP agency with her children but without her partner, she would have been classified as a female with children, not as part of a couple.
Information in this chapter is about support periods rather than clients (client information was presented in Chapter 2). A client can have more than one support period during a reporting year, and who they present to a SAAP agency with and the type of agency they attend can vary from one support period to the next. 
Support periods for Indigenous SAAP clients and accompanying children
Figure 3.1 shows the proportion of support periods provided to each client group by Indigenous status. It can be seen that the female client groups made up a greater proportion of the support periods for Indigenous clients; the group ‘females with children’ had the largest proportion (32%), followed by females alone aged 25 years and over (22%) and females alone aged under 25 years (15%). These proportions were higher than those seen for the corresponding non-Indigenous client groups (22%, 17% and 13%, respectively). 
A smaller proportion of the support periods for Indigenous clients were for the male client groups than was the case for non-Indigenous clients; most notably for males alone aged 25 and over. This client group comprised 13% of support periods for Indigenous clients, but for non-Indigenous clients it contributed 29% of support periods.
Eighty-seven per cent of accompanying child support periods for Indigenous children were provided to a child who presented with their mother or other female guardian. This was similar for non-Indigenous accompanying children, for whom 85% of accompanying child support periods were provided to those accompanying their mother or other female guardian (Table 3.2). Smaller proportions of Indigenous children accompanied a couple (10%) or their father or other male guardian (3%).
Figure 3.1: Support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients by client group, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)	
Type of SAAP agency attended
Agencies primarily targeting women escaping domestic violence provided 38% of the support periods for Indigenous clients, agencies with a cross-target or general focus provided 27%, and agencies targeting young people provided 19% (Figure 3.2). Agencies targeting families, single men and single women provided smaller numbers of support periods to Indigenous clients (7%, 6% and 3% respectively). This differed from that reported for non-Indigenous clients mainly in the proportion of support periods provided by agencies targeting women escaping domestic violence (38% for Indigenous clients and 21% for non-Indigenous clients), in that provided by cross-target or general agencies (27% for Indigenous clients and 36% for non-Indigenous clients) and those agencies primarily targeting single men (6% for Indigenous clients and 13% for non-Indigenous clients).
Similar to that seen for clients, a higher proportion of Indigenous accompanying child support periods were provided by agencies primarily targeting women escaping domestic violence (58% for Indigenous accompanying children and 48% for non-Indigenous accompanying children) (Table 3.2). 

Figure 3.2: Support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by primary target group of agency, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)	
Main reason for seeking assistance
Overall there were some differences in the main reasons for seeking assistance reported in support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients in 2006–07. 
Of the five broad categories reported in Table 3.3, one (interpersonal relationships) was reported in a substantially greater proportion of support periods for Indigenous clients (54% for Indigenous clients compared with 45% for non-Indigenous clients). 
Within the interpersonal relationships broad group, the specific main reason of domestic or family violence was reported in 29% of support periods for Indigenous clients and 22% of those for non-Indigenous clients, and time-out from family/other situation was also more frequently reported (12% of support periods for Indigenous clients compared with 7% for non-Indigenous clients). Relationship or family breakdown was given as the main reason for seeking assistance in a smaller percentage of support periods for Indigenous clients (8% compared with 11% of those for non-Indigenous clients) (Figure 3.3). 

Figure 3.3: Support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by main reason for seeking assistance, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)	

When the main reason for seeking assistance is analysed by sex, it is seen that the proportions of Indigenous and non-Indigenous males and females reporting domestic or family violence is very similar. Thirty-eight per cent of support periods for Indigenous women and 3% for Indigenous men had domestic or family violence as the main reason, compared with 38% of non-Indigenous women and 2% of men. The higher percentage seen overall for Indigenous clients is partly because a greater proportion of the support periods for Indigenous clients in 2006–07 were provided to females than was the case for non-Indigenous clients (73% compared with 55%) (AIHW unpublished data). 
Indigenous clients reported main reasons for seeking assistance from the ‘other reasons’ broad category in a slightly greater proportion of their support periods (14% compared with 13%), while reasons from the remaining three broad categories (financial, accommodation and health) were generally less often reported (Table 3.3). An exception to this was ‘overcrowding issues’. Evidence is provided in other publications that overcrowding is a problem experienced more often by Indigenous Australians, and that it is influenced by the type of dwelling occupied and the remoteness of that dwelling (see, for example, Keys Young 1998:29; ABS 2008:29; ABS & AIHW 2008:41). The SAAP data provide some support for this, as overcrowding issues made up a greater proportion of the main reasons for seeking assistance for Indigenous clients (5% compared with 2%). Indigenous clients were most likely to cite overcrowding as the main reason for seeking assistance in support periods where they reported ‘boarding’ as their type of tenure before support (in 10%, or 500, of such support periods). Overcrowding was also a more frequent response for those Indigenous clients who reported ‘other, no tenure’ before support (9%, or less than 100 support periods), or who came to SAAP from rent-free accommodation (6% or 100 support periods) (AIHW unpublished data). By remoteness, overcrowding was most likely to be reported for support periods provided by agencies in Inner or Outer Regional Australia (in 7% of such support periods), while it was given as the main reason in 2% of support periods provided by Remote or Very Remote agencies and 4% of agencies in Major Cities (AIHW unpublished data).
In the health category, mental health issues, psychiatric illness and problematic drug/alcohol/substance use were each reported as the main reason for seeking assistance in roughly 1% fewer support periods for Indigenous clients than for non-Indigenous clients. Problematic drug/alcohol/substance use was reported more often by both Indigenous and non-Indigenous males (12% for Indigenous males compared with 3% for Indigenous females, and 11% for non-Indigenous males compared with 2% for non-Indigenous females) (AIHW unpublished data).

Tables
Table 3.1: SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by primary target group of agency and client group, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent) 
Primary target group of agency	Male alone under 25	Male alone 25+	Female alone under 25	Female alone 25+	Couple no children	Couple with children	Male with children	Female with children	Other	Total	
										%	Number	
Indigenous	
Young people	70.5	1.5	55.1	1.5	25.3	16.8	15.4	8.9	20.9	19.4	6,400	
Single men only	7.9	34.4	0.2	0.8	0.5	0.5	1.6	0.4	—	5.7	1,900	
Single women only	0.1	0.1	2.7	6.9	0.1	0.2	0.7	1.7	4.8	2.5	800	
Families	2.6	2.5	2.1	2.5	9.6	38.8	35.5	10.7	32.9	7.4	2,500	
Women escaping domestic violence	2.6	2.7	26.5	60.2	4.1	4.2	3.0	62.8	24.6	38.2	12,600	
Cross-target/
multiple/general	16.3	58.8	13.4	28.1	60.4	39.6	43.9	15.5	16.7	26.7	8,800	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	8.6	13.4	15.0	22.2	3.1	4.6	1.2	31.6	0.4	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	2,800	4,400	4,900	7,300	1,000	1,500	400	10,400	100	. .	33,000	
Non-Indigenous	
Young people	63.8	0.9	64.0	1.2	27.0	14.4	6.2	8.3	26.1	19.6	30,100	
Single men only	12.3	38.8	0.3	1.4	2.1	0.8	3.7	0.3	—	13.1	20,100	
Single women only	0.0	0.1	3.5	11.4	0.8	0.8	0.4	4.4	1.7	3.4	5,200	
Families	1.7	1.3	2.1	2.5	9.0	42.6	36.3	14.9	26.2	6.9	10,700	
Women escaping domestic violence	0.6	0.4	12.8	42.6	5.5	3.8	3.9	54.6	24.7	21.1	32,500	
Cross-target/
multiple/general	21.6	58.6	17.4	40.9	55.6	37.6	49.5	17.5	21.2	35.9	55,300	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	11.6	28.8	13.2	16.6	2.7	3.7	1.4	21.5	0.5	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	17,800	44,400	20,300	25,600	4,200	5,700	2,200	33,000	800	. .	154,000	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 20,744 support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client and Administrative Data Collections.

Table 3.2: SAAP accompanying child support periods: Indigenous status, by primary target group of agency and client group, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Primary target group of agency	Couple with children 	Male with children	Female with children	Other with children		              Total	
					%	Number	
Indigenous	
Young people	13.0	10.5	5.8	14.1	6.7	1,700	
Single men only	0.1	0.5	0.4	—	0.4	100	
Single women only	0.2	0.8	1.9	20.6	1.7	400	
Families	47.1	44.7	12.0	—	16.4	4,200	
Women escaping domestic violence	3.9	3.3	65.6	65.4	57.8	14,700	
Cross-target/
multiple/general	35.7	40.2	14.3	—	17.1	4,400	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	9.9	2.8	87.3	<0.1	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	2,500	700	22,200	<50	. .	25,500	
Non-Indigenous	
Young people	9.4	3.8	5.3	8.4	5.7	3,900	
Single men only	0.5	3.5	0.3	—	0.4	300	
Single women only	1.2	0.6	4.2	15.1	3.7	2,600	
Families	48.2	44.3	16.6	42.7	21.2	14,500	
Women escaping domestic violence	4.5	4.8	56.1	9.9	48.4	33,100	
Cross-target/
multiple/general	36.0	42.9	17.5	23.8	20.5	14,000	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	10.5	4.3	85.1	0.1	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	7,200	2,900	58,200	100	. .	68,400	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 5,255 accompanying child support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client and Administrative Data Collections.

Table 3.3: SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by main reason for seeking assistance, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Main reason for seeking assistance	Indigenous		Non-Indigenous			             Total	
					%	Number	
Interpersonal relationships	53.5		44.7		46.2	85,000	
Time out from family/other situation	12.1		7.2		8.1	14,800	
Relationship/family breakdown	7.9		10.6		10.2	18,700	
Interpersonal conflict	2.3		2.9		2.8	5,200	
Sexual abuse	0.7		0.6		0.6	1,100	
Domestic/family violence	28.8		21.9		23.1	42,500	
Physical/emotional abuse	1.8		1.4		1.5	2,700	
Financial	9.5		13.5		12.8	23,500	
Gambling	0.1		0.3		0.3	500	
Budgeting problems	2.7		4.4		4.1	7,500	
Rent too high	0.5		1.0		0.9	1,600	
Other financial difficulty	6.1		7.8		7.5	13,900	
Accommodation	15.6		18.6		18.0	33,200	
Overcrowding issues	4.5		2.2		2.6	4,800	
Eviction/asked to leave	5.1		7.3		6.9	12,700	
Emergency accommodation ended	2.1		3.2		3.0	5,600	
Previous accommodation ended	3.9		5.8		5.5	10,100	
Health	7.5		10.0		9.6	17,600	
Mental health issues	0.8		2.0		1.8	3,300	
Problematic drug/alcohol/substance use	5.2		6.1		5.9	10,900	
Psychiatric illness	0.3		0.9		0.7	1,400	
Other health issues	1.3		1.1		1.1	2,100	
Other reasons	14.0		13.2		13.3	24,500	
Gay/lesbian/transgender issues	0.1		0.1		0.1	300	
Recently left institution	1.4		1.2		1.2	2,300	
Recent arrival to area with no means of support	3.5		3.2		3.2	5,900	
Itinerant	2.9		2.4		2.5	4,600	
Other	6.1		6.3		6.2	11,500	
Total	100.0		100.0		100.0	. .	
Total (number)	32,600		151,300		. .	183,800	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 23,863 support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

4	Location of SAAP agency attended
This chapter presents information on the location (or remoteness) of the SAAP agencies from which Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients received support. This information is also presented for Indigenous and non-Indigenous accompanying children. 
The location of the agency is derived from the postcode that is supplied to the NDCA by the relevant state or territory community services department. This postcode forms part of the mailing address of the agency and may not match the actual location of the agency. 
When interpreting these data please note that in the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Structure used in this report Hobart is classified as Inner Regional and Darwin as Outer Regional, while all other capital cities are considered to be Major Cities (GISCA; ABS 2007c:6). This classification of Darwin in particular affects data on Indigenous clients, as a greater proportion of their support periods were provided by SAAP agencies in the Northern Territory (10% of Indigenous support periods compared with 1% of non-Indigenous support periods (Table A6)). 
Clients
Indigenous clients generally attended SAAP agencies in more remote locations than non-Indigenous clients. Sixty-four per cent of support periods for Indigenous clients were provided by agencies located outside of Major Cities, while this was the case for just 28% of support periods for non-Indigenous clients (derived from Table 4.1). A comparatively large proportion of support periods for Indigenous clients were provided in Remote (11%) or Very Remote (15%) locations; for non-Indigenous clients less than 1% of support periods were provided by agencies located in each of these regions (Figure 4.1). 

Figure 4.1: Support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by region of agency, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)	

When the Indigenous client groups are examined by region some differences are observed. The female client groups had a greater proportion of their support periods outside Major Cities than the comparable male groups. For example, 75% of support periods for Indigenous female clients aged 25 and over were provided by agencies located outside Major Cities compared with 47% for Indigenous male clients aged 25 and over (derived from Table 4.1). 
The type of SAAP agencies present in each of the remoteness regions could be responsible for some of this variation. For example, in Major Cities 21% of the SAAP agencies that participated in the 2006–07 Client Collection primarily targeted women escaping domestic violence, however this figure rose with increasing remoteness to a peak of 64% in Very Remote regions (AIHW unpublished data).
Boxes 1, 2 and 3 (below) present further information on Indigenous SAAP clients by the remoteness of the agency they attended. Box 1 summarises the responses from Indigenous clients who received support from a SAAP agency in either a Remote or Very Remote region, Box 2 presents the corresponding information from agencies in an Inner or Outer Regional centre, while Box 3 presents this information for Indigenous clients who received support from agencies in Major Cities.
Accompanying children
Like Indigenous clients, Indigenous accompanying children had a greater proportion of their support periods in more remote locations than non-Indigenous accompanying children. The majority (63%) of support periods for Indigenous accompanying children were provided by agencies located outside a Major City, while only 33% of the support periods for non-Indigenous accompanying children were (derived from Table 4.2).

Box 1: Indigenous clients who attended SAAP agencies in a Remote or Very Remote region: characteristics and frequent responses, Australia, 2006–07	
	Number of support periods: 7,700 (26.6% of all Indigenous support periods)(a)	
Before support periods (most frequent responses)		During support periods (most 
frequent responses)		After support periods (most frequent responses)	
		Client groups(a)			
		Female with child(ren)	36.0%			
		Female alone, 25+	35.3%			
Type of house/dwelling		Main reasons for seeking assistance(a)		Type of house/dwelling	
House/flat	82.3%		Domestic/family violence	48.6%		House/flat	84.9%	
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	9.2%		Time out from family/other situation	19.5%		Improvised dwelling/
sleeping rough	6.5%	
Type of tenure		Broad services provided(b)	96.3%		Type of tenure	
Community housing rental	37.2%		Basic support and other services n.e.s	99.2%		Community housing rental	38.2%	
Public housing rental	23.9%		Housing/accommodation	96.1%		Public housing rental	25.1%	
Living situation		Broad services unmet(b)	1.3%		Living situation	
With relatives/friends temporary	23.2%		Specialist services	3.4%		With relatives/friends temporary	28.5%	
With spouse/partner and child(ren)	22.0%		Housing/accommodation	2.3%		With spouse/partner and child(ren)	16.0%	
		Length of support			
		Mean	19 days			
		Median	3 days			
		Length of accommodation(c)			
		Mean	12 days			
		Median	3 days			
		Proportion of closed support periods with accommodation	69.3%			
(a)	Figures for the number of support periods, client group and main reason for seeking assistance include support periods that were either closed or ongoing on 30 June 2007. The other figures in this box are for support periods that were closed on or before 30 June 2007. 
(b)	‘Broad services provided’ and ‘Broad services unmet’ present the types of support that, when needed, were most often provided or unmet. 
(c)	Excludes accommodation that started and ended on the same date.
Notes
1.	Region in this report is based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Structure (ABS 2007b). SAAP agencies are categorised based on the postcode supplied by the relevant state or territory community services department. Note that this postcode forms part of the mailing address of the agency and may not match the actual location of the agency. 
2.	Unweighted data. Figures cannot be weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent at the remoteness level.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.	

Box 2: Indigenous clients who attended SAAP agencies in an Inner or Outer Regional centre: characteristics and frequent responses, Australia, 2006–07	
	Number of support periods: 11,000 (38.2% of all Indigenous support periods)(a)	
Before support periods (most frequent responses)		During support periods (most 
frequent responses)		After support periods (most frequent responses)	
		Client groups(a)			
		Female with child(ren)	32.8%			
		Female alone, 25+ 	18.3%			
Type of house/dwelling		Main reasons for seeking assistance(a)		Type of house/dwelling	
House/flat	75.3%		Domestic/family violence	24.7%		House/flat	81.3%	
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	8.8%		Time out from family/other situation	11.0%		Caravan/boarding/
rooming house 	7.0%	
Type of tenure		Broad services provided(b)	89.9%		Type of tenure	
Public housing rental	21.7%		Basic support and other services n.e.s	97.0%		Public housing rental	26.4%	
Boarding	20.1%		General support/advocacy	95.4%		Private rental	24.1%	
Living situation		Broad services unmet(b)	4.8%		Living situation	
With relatives/friends temporary	25.5%		Specialist services	11.7%		Alone with child(ren)	23.7%	
Alone with child(ren)	13.4%		Housing/accommodation	7.8%		With relatives/friends temporary	17.7%	
		Length of support			
		Mean	53 days			
		Median	12 days			
		Length of accommodation(c)			
		Mean	34 days			
		Median	7 days			
		Proportion of closed support periods with accommodation	52.4%			
(a)	Figures for the number of support periods, client group and main reason for seeking assistance include support periods that were either closed or ongoing on 30 June 2007. The other figures in this box are for support periods that were closed on or before 30 June 2007. 
(b)	‘Broad services provided’ and ‘Broad services unmet’ present the types of support that, when needed, were most often provided or unmet. 
(c)	Excludes accommodation that started and ended on the same date.
Notes
1.	Region in this report is based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Structure (ABS 2007b). SAAP agencies are categorised based on the postcode supplied by the relevant state or territory community services department. Note that this postcode forms part of the mailing address of the agency and may not match the actual location of the agency. 
2.	Unweighted data. Figures cannot be weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent at the remoteness level.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.	

Box 3: Indigenous clients who attended SAAP agencies in a Major City: characteristics and frequent responses, Australia, 2006–07	
	Number of support periods: 10,200 (35.2% of all Indigenous support periods)(a)	
Before support periods (most frequent responses)		During support periods (most 
frequent responses)		After support periods (most frequent responses)	
		Client groups(a)			
		Female with child(ren)	30.0%			
		Male alone, 25+ 	19.6%			
Type of house/dwelling		Main reasons for seeking assistance(a)		Type of house/dwelling	
House/flat	61.5%		Domestic/family violence	19.8%		House/flat	68.7%	
Improvised dwelling/
sleeping rough	13.9%		Relationship/family breakdown	9.5%		Caravan/boarding/
rooming house	10.6%	
Type of tenure		Broad services provided(b)	88.4%		Type of tenure	
Public housing rental	18.7%		Basic support and other services n.e.s	97.5%		Public housing rental	23.2%	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	18.0%		General support/advocacy	95.6%		SAAP/CAP accommodation	22.7%	
Living situation		Broad services unmet(b)	4.6%		Living situation	
Alone	22.1%		Specialist services	7.9%		Alone	24.3%	
With relatives/friends temporary	17.9%		Housing/accommodation	7.9%		Alone with child(ren)	22.9%	
		Length of support			
		Mean	65 days			
		Median	12 days			
		Length of accommodation(c)			
		Mean	53 days			
		Median	12 days			
		Proportion of closed support periods with accommodation	46.1%			
(a)	Figures for the number of support periods, client group and main reason for seeking assistance include support periods that were either closed or ongoing on 30 June 2007. The other figures in this box are for support periods that were closed on or before 30 June 2007. 
(b)	‘Broad services provided’ and ‘Broad services unmet’ present the types of support that, when needed, were most often provided or unmet. 
(c)	Excludes accommodation that started and ended on the same date.
Notes
1.	Region in this report is based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Structure (ABS 2007b). SAAP agencies are categorised based on the postcode supplied by the relevant state or territory community services department. Note that this postcode forms part of the mailing address of the agency and may not match the actual location of the agency. 
2.	Unweighted data. Figures cannot be weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent at the remoteness level.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.	

Tables
Table 4.1: SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by region and client group, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Region	Male alone under 25	Male alone 25+	Female alone under 25	Female alone 25+	Couple no children	Couple with children	Male with children	Female with children	Other	Total	
										%	Number	
Indigenous	
Major City	46.1	52.7	32.8	25.1	37.2	44.5	55.3	33.2	59.4	36.1	9,800	
Inner Regional	25.0	18.5	20.5	13.4	18.5	19.6	18.1	17.6	11.2	18.0	4,800	
Outer Regional	18.7	18.6	19.3	18.9	25.3	26.7	18.6	20.3	12.1	19.9	5,400	
Remote	4.4	2.9	14.9	18.4	2.5	3.3	4.5	12.7	10.1	11.4	3,100	
Very Remote	5.7	7.3	12.4	24.2	16.5	5.9	3.5	16.2	7.2	14.6	3,900	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	8.3	13.5	14.5	21.5	3.0	4.9	1.2	32.7	0.4	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	2,200	3,600	3,900	5,800	800	1,300	300	8,800	100	. .	27,000	
Non-Indigenous	
Major City	69.7	80.8	65.1	72.1	59.4	65.5	69.6	67.0	77.5	71.7	87,000	
Inner Regional	21.1	12.9	24.4	18.0	30.2	23.1	20.9	23.2	14.0	19.4	23,600	
Outer Regional	8.1	5.2	9.2	8.4	9.4	10.8	8.5	8.7	2.9	7.7	9,400	
Remote	0.8	0.6	1.0	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.9	5.6	0.8	1,000	
Very Remote	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.3	—	0.4	400	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	11.5	28.9	12.9	15.7	2.8	3.9	1.5	22.2	0.5	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	14,000	35,100	15,600	19,100	3,400	4,800	1,800	27,000	600	. .	121,400	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (unweighted): 19,527 support periods. 
2.	‘Region’ in this report is based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Structure (ABS 2007b). SAAP agencies are categorised based on the postcode supplied by the relevant state or territory community services department. Please note that this postcode forms part of the mailing address of the agency and may not match the actual location of the agency. For more information please see ‘Region’ in Appendix 2.
3.	Unweighted data. Figures cannot be weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent at the remoteness level. Note that only those records for which consent was obtained are included in this table. 
Sources: SAAP Client and Administrative Data Collections, AIHW 2008a. 

Table 4.2: SAAP accompanying child support periods: Indigenous status, by region and client group, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Region	Couple with children 	Male with children	Female with children	Other with children		           Total	
					%	Number	
Indigenous accompanying children	
Major City	50.4	51.0	34.7	18.2	36.8	8,200	
Inner Regional	18.1	18.7	19.6	54.3	19.5	4,300	
Outer Regional	24.7	24.1	20.7	0.2	21.2	4,700	
Remote	3.9	3.6	11.0	22.3	10.0	2,200	
Very Remote	2.9	2.5	14.0	5.1	12.6	2,800	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	10.3	2.7	87.0	<0.1	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	2,300	600	19,300	<50	. .	22,200	
Non-Indigenous accompanying children	
Major City	66.9	68.5	66.5	78.0	66.6	36,900	
Inner Regional	21.6	22.4	23.4	22.0	23.2	12,800	
Outer Regional	10.8	8.4	9.0	—	9.1	5,000	
Remote	0.6	0.4	0.9	—	0.8	400	
Very Remote	0.1	0.3	0.3	—	0.2	100	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	10.5	4.5	85.0	0.1	100	. .	
Total (number)	5,800	2,500	47,100	<50	. .	55,400	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (unweighted): 6,748 accompanying child support periods.
2.	‘Region’ in this report is based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Structure (ABS 2007b). SAAP agencies are categorised based on the postcode supplied by the relevant state or territory community services department. Please note that this postcode forms part of the agency mailing address and may not match the actual location of the agency. For more information please see ‘Region’ in Appendix 2.
3.	Unweighted data. Figures cannot be weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent at the remoteness level. Note that only those records for which consent was obtained are included in this table. 
Sources: SAAP Client and Administrative Data Collections, AIHW 2008a. 
5	Length of support and accommodation
In this chapter, the lengths of support and accommodation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous clients are examined for closed support periods—that is, support periods that finished on or before 30 June 2007. Information about the length of support is presented by client group and by sex, and information on the length of accommodation is presented by client group. This chapter closes by presenting some summary data on the client group that contributes the greatest proportion of support periods for Indigenous clients, females with children (boxes 4 and 5). 
Length of support
On average, Indigenous clients had shorter support periods than non-Indigenous clients, with a mean length of support of 47 days compared with 54 days. The median length of support was also shorter for Indigenous clients, at 7 days compared with 9 days (Table 5.1).

Figure 5.1: Closed support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by mean and median length of support, Australia, 2006–07 (days)	

Indigenous females tended to be supported for shorter periods of time, both in comparison with Indigenous males and non-Indigenous females. The mean length of support for Indigenous females was 44 days, which was shorter than the average of 56 days for Indigenous males and the 63 days for non-Indigenous females (Table 5.2). Further, the three female client groups (females with children, females alone aged 25 years and over and females alone aged under 25 years) contributed the majority of the closed support periods for Indigenous clients (70%), and on average had shorter support periods than the comparable client groups for Indigenous males and the groups for non-Indigenous clients (Table 5.1, Figure 5.1).
Length of accommodation
Just over half (53%) of the closed support periods for Indigenous clients included at least one period of accommodation, higher than the 38% of closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients (Table 5.3). Of the Indigenous client groups, males alone aged 25 years and over had the highest proportion of closed support periods that included accommodation, with 61% in this group receiving accommodation. Indigenous males with children had the smallest proportion, with 27% of their closed support periods including accommodation.
The majority (94%) of closed support periods with accommodation for Indigenous clients had accommodation of at least one night’s duration and the remaining 6% had accommodation that started and finished on the same day (derived from Table 5.4). For the remainder of this section only those closed support periods with accommodation of at least 1 night’s duration contributed to the calculations. 
As was seen for the length of support, the average length of accommodation was shorter for Indigenous than non-Indigenous clients in 2006–07. The mean length of accommodation was 32 days for Indigenous clients compared with 56 days for non-Indigenous clients, and the median length was 6 days for Indigenous clients compared with 13 days for non-Indigenous clients.
When length of accommodation was examined by client group there was also a similar pattern seen to length of support. The client groups that contributed the majority of closed accommodated support periods for Indigenous clients had shorter average lengths of accommodation. Indigenous females with children made up one third of the closed accommodated support periods for Indigenous clients and had a mean length of accommodation of 36 days and a median length of 5 days, and Indigenous females aged 25 years and over who presented alone accounted for 23% of the closed accommodated support periods and had a mean length of accommodation of 15 days and a median length of 3 days (Figure 5.2). 
The shorter lengths of support and accommodation seen for the Indigenous female client groups may lend some support to an observation made in a qualitative study conducted by Keys & Young (1998:39); that Indigenous women escaping domestic violence use SAAP as a ‘time out’ to escape the worst periods in a violent relationship. It was suggested that Indigenous women escaping domestic violence generally stayed in SAAP for a shorter period of time, and were more likely to return home to the perpetrator of the violence after SAAP support. 

Figure 5.2: Closed support periods with accommodation for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by mean and median length of accommodation, Australia, 2006–07 (days)	

When just those closed support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous women escaping domestic violence are examined, Indigenous women on average had shorter support and accommodation periods. For Indigenous females escaping domestic violence the mean and median length of support were 33 days and 4 days respectively compared with 64 days and 15 days for non-Indigenous women escaping domestic violence. Similarly, the mean and median lengths of accommodation for Indigenous women escaping domestic violence were 23 days and 3 days respectively compared with 59 and 16 days for non-Indigenous women escaping domestic violence (AIHW unpublished data).

Box 4: Indigenous females with children: characteristics and frequent responses, Australia, 2006–07	
	Number of support periods: 10,400(a)		
Before support periods (most frequent responses)		During support periods (most 
frequent responses)		After support periods (most frequent responses)	
		Main reasons for seeking assistance(a)			
		Domestic/family violence 	49.8%			
		Time out from family/other situation 	9.4%			
Type of house/dwelling		Broad services provided(b)	91.1%		Type of house/dwelling	
House/flat	86.5%		Basic support and other
services n.e.s.	97.9%		House/flat	89.2%	
Caravan/boarding/
rooming house	5.1%		General support/advocacy	94.9%		Hostel/hotel/motel	4.0%	
Type of tenure		Broad services unmet(b)	3.6%		Type of tenure	
Public housing rental	29.4%		Specialist services	7.2%		Public housing rental	31.5%	
Private rental	17.3%		Housing/accommodation	6.5%		Community housing rental	18.7%	
Living situation		Length of support		Living situation	
Alone with child(ren)	29.1%		Mean 	50 days		Alone with child(ren)	45.4%	
With spouse/partner and child(ren)	27.7%		Median	7 days		With relatives/friends temporary	19.9%	
		Length of accommodation(c)			
		Mean	36 days			
		Median	5 days			
		Proportion of closed support periods with accommodation	55.5%			
		Mean number of accompanying child support periods per 
support period(a)	2.15			
(a)	Figures for the number of support periods, main reason for seeking assistance and the mean number of accompanying child support periods per support period include support periods that were either closed or ongoing on 30th June 2007. The other figures in this box are for support periods that were closed on or before 30th June 2007. 
(b)	‘Broad services provided’ and ‘Broad services unmet’ present the types of support that, when needed, were most often provided or unmet. 
(c)	Excludes accommodation that started and ended on the same date.
Note: Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.	

Box 5: Non-Indigenous females with children: characteristics and frequent responses, Australia, 2006–07	
	Number of support periods: 33,000(a)		
Before support periods (most frequent responses)		During support periods (most 
frequent responses)		After support periods (most frequent responses)	
		Main reasons for seeking assistance(a)			
		Domestic/family violence	56.5%			
		Relationship/family breakdown	8.1%			
Type of house/dwelling		Broad services provided(b)	87.9%		Type of house/dwelling	
House/flat	87.4%		Basic support and other
services n.e.s.	96.3%		House/flat	90.5%	
Hostel/hotel/motel	4.8%		General support/advocacy	94.9%		Hostel/hotel/motel	4.0%	
Type of tenure		Broad services unmet(b)	3.8%		Type of tenure	
Private rental	41.0%		Housing/accommodation	7.3%		Private rental	39.0%	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	13.3%		Specialist services	7.0%		SAAP/CAP accommodation	17.9%	
Living situation		Length of support		Living situation	
Alone with child(ren)	41.5%		Mean	75 days		Alone with child(ren)	62.9%	
With spouse/partner and child(ren)	29.7%		Median	26 days		With spouse/partner and child(ren)	13.3%	
		Length of accommodation(c)			
		Mean	82 days			
		Median	27 days			
		Support periods with accommodation	32.8%			
		Mean number of accompanying child support periods per 
support period(a)	1.99			
(a)	Figures for the number of support periods, main reason for seeking assistance and the mean number of accompanying child support periods per support period include support periods that were either closed or ongoing on 30th June 2007. The other figures in this box are for support periods that were closed on or before 30th June 2007. 
(b)	‘Broad services provided’ and ‘Broad services unmet’ present the types of support that, when needed, were most often provided or unmet. 
(c)	Excludes accommodation that started and ended on the same date.
Note: Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.	

Tables
Table 5.1: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by length of support and client group, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Length of support	Male alone under 25	Male alone 25+	Female alone under 25	Female alone 25+	Couple no children	Couple with children	Male with children	Female with children	Other	Total	
										%	Number	
Indigenous	
1 week or less	45.1	51.8	50.4	66.1	30.0	23.2	33.7	50.4	41.9	51.8	15,000	
>1–4 weeks	19.2	22.7	19.2	18.0	28.7	18.9	15.0	18.1	15.6	19.3	5,600	
>4–26 weeks	28.1	20.7	24.6	13.1	33.1	42.1	39.0	24.7	25.1	22.9	6,600	
>26 weeks	7.6	4.7	5.8	2.8	8.1	15.9	12.3	6.8	17.3	6.0	1,700	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	8.4	13.5	14.7	23.3	3.0	4.2	1.0	31.6	0.4	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	2,400	3,900	4,200	6,700	900	1,200	300	9,100	100	. .	28,900	
Mean length (days)	57	52	45	25	61	104	72	50	91	. .	47	
Median length (days)	11	7	7	3	20	38	31	7	11	. .	7	
Non-Indigenous	
1 week or less	42.5	60.0	40.3	57.2	36.7	25.9	32.7	35.6	36.0	47.7	62,800	
>1–4 weeks	20.2	17.9	17.7	14.1	19.5	15.7	15.6	16.3	11.6	17.1	22,500	
>4–26 weeks	30.0	18.2	32.9	23.4	36.3	42.5	38.7	37.1	33.4	27.9	36,700	
>26 weeks	7.3	3.9	9.0	5.3	7.5	15.8	13.0	11.1	19.1	7.4	9,700	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	11.6	30.1	12.9	17.0	2.7	3.4	1.3	20.6	0.5	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	15,300	39,700	17,000	22,400	3,500	4,500	1,700	27,100	600	. .	131,700	
Mean length (days)	56	34	68	40	57	97	82	75	98	. .	54	
Median length (days)	13	3	17	3	21	41	30	26	36	. .	9	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 17,408 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table 5.2: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by length of support and sex, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
		Indigenous		Non-Indigenous		Total	
Length of support		Male	Female		Male	Female		Male	Female	
1 week or less		46.8	54.0		52.8	43.3		52.2	45.8	
>1–4 weeks		21.6	18.6		18.5	15.9		18.8	16.6	
>4–26 weeks		25.0	21.7		23.1	31.9		23.4	29.5	
>26 weeks		6.5	5.7		5.6	8.9		5.7	8.1	
Total		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (% within group)		26.4	73.6		46.1	53.9		42.5	57.5	
Total (number)		8,000	22,000		61,700	72,200		69,700	94,200	
Mean length (days)		56	44		44	63		45	58	
Median length (days)		9	6		6	14		7	11	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 14,174 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table 5.3: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by support periods with or without accommodation and client group, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Male alone under 25	Male alone 25+	Female alone under 25	Female alone 25+	Couple no children	Couple with children	Male with children	Female with children	Other	Total	
										%	Number	
Indigenous	
Accommodated	51.9	61.0	49.5	54.6	34.7	34.9	27.1	55.5	53.9	53.0	15,400	
Not accommodated	48.1	39.0	50.5	45.4	65.3	65.1	72.9	44.5	46.1	47.0	13,600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	2,400	3,900	4,200	6,700	900	1,200	300	9,100	100	. .	28,900	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodated	48.3	47.2	37.1	26.7	23.2	30.5	26.0	32.8	41.1	38.1	50,100	
Not accommodated	51.7	52.8	62.9	73.3	76.8	69.5	74.0	67.2	58.9	61.9	81,600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	15,300	39,700	17,000	22,400	3,500	4,500	1,700	27,100	600	. .	131,700	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 17,408 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table 5.4: SAAP closed support periods in which clients were accommodated: Indigenous status, by length of accommodation and client group, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Length of Accommodation	Male alone under 25	Male alone 25+	Female alone under 25	Female alone 25+	Couple no children	Couple with children	Male with children	Female with children	Other	Total	
										%	Number	
Indigenous	
1 week or less(a)	51.4	50.3	60.4	68.7	28.1	25.4	29.5	59.1	31.0	57.7	8,200	
>1–4 weeks	24.8	28.5	21.9	21.9	45.6	13.8	7.7	17.7	14.9	21.9	3,100	
>4–26 weeks	20.2	18.3	14.5	8.0	19.9	35.9	47.6	17.7	30.6	16.1	2,300	
>26 weeks	3.6	2.9	3.2	1.4	6.4	24.9	15.2	5.5	23.5	4.4	600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	8.5	15.3	13.6	23.4	2.1	2.8	0.5	33.4	0.3	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	1,200	2,200	1,900	3,300	300	400	100	4,700	<50	. .	14,200	
Mean length (days)	33	31	26	15	47	132	84	36	116	. .	32	
Median length (days)	7	7	5	3	14	60	51	5	29	. .	6	
Accommodation starting and ending on the same date (number)	<50	100	100	300	<50	<50	<50	200	<50	. .	900	
Total closed support periods with accommodation (number)	1,200	2,300	2,100	3,600	300	400	100	5,000	100	. .	15,000	
Non-Indigenous	
1 week or less(a)	41.2	45.9	37.1	43.6	29.5	10.7	12.1	28.7	22.7	39.1	17,800	
>1–4 weeks	27.4	28.6	26.9	26.0	28.3	15.0	17.7	22.8	18.0	26.4	12,000	
>4–26 weeks	25.7	21.9	27.1	24.4	30.9	43.9	45.4	34.5	37.8	26.7	12,200	
>26 weeks	5.7	3.6	8.9	6.0	11.3	30.4	24.8	13.9	21.5	7.8	3,600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	15.2	36.8	12.8	11.7	1.6	2.7	0.9	18.0	0.5	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	6,900	16,800	5,900	5,300	700	1,200	400	8,200	200	. .	45,600	
Mean length (days)	47	38	61	48	73	155	131	82	109	. .	56	
Median length (days)	12	9	15	11	21	93	72	27	42	. .	13	
Accommodation starting and ending on the same date (number)	300	1,400	300	400	100	100	<50	400	<50	. .	3,000	
Total closed support periods with accommodation (number)	7,200	18,200	6,100	5,700	800	1,300	400	8,600	200	. .	48,600	
(a)	Percentages, total numbers, means and medians exclude accommodation that started and ended on the same date.
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 5,516 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 
6	Meeting the needs of clients and accompanying children
This chapter presents information on the types of services required for SAAP clients and their accompanying children. The section ‘services required’ presents the types of services SAAP agency workers assessed clients or their accompanying children to need, while the section ‘service provision’ gives information on whether these services were provided directly by the agency, whether the clients were referred elsewhere, or if the required service remained unmet at the end of support. As it is only possible to determine if the needs of a client or accompanying child have been met after support has finished, this section reports on closed support periods.
The SAAP NDC collects information on the types of support required, provided or referred during a support period but does not collect information on how many times a particular service may have been required, provided or referred. For example, a client may require a meal three times within a support period but the NDC will only be able to report that a meal was required sometime during support, not that it was required three times. Another consequence of this collection method is that a service is only reported as unmet if it is required and never provided throughout the entire period of support. If, for example, a service is required three times but only able to be provided once, that service will be reported as provided. 
Services required
Clients
As was seen in Chapter 5, Indigenous clients were more likely to have been accommodated during their closed support periods than non-Indigenous clients, and this had an effect on which services were most often required. Housing or accommodation support was the broad type of service most often required for Indigenous clients, recorded in 73% of closed support periods, higher than the 64% recorded for non-Indigenous clients (Figure 6.1). Specifically, SAAP or CAP (Crisis Accommodation Program) accommodation was required in 58% of the closed support periods for Indigenous clients compared with 44% for non-Indigenous clients (Table 6.1). Basic support and other services were also required in a greater proportion of closed support periods for Indigenous than non-Indigenous clients (66% compared with 49%). This broad category includes supports such as meals, laundry and shower facilities that may also have been provided to clients who received accommodation. 
Culturally specific support was required in a greater proportion of closed support periods for Indigenous clients (16% compared with 4% for non-Indigenous clients), while advice or information was required in a smaller proportion (62% compared with 74%).

Figure 6.1: Closed support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by broad types of services required, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)	
Accompanying children
A similar pattern was observed for accompanying children, with SAAP workers indicating that in 74% of closed accompanying child support periods for Indigenous children, SAAP or CAP accommodation was required; higher than the 61% for non-Indigenous accompanying children. The broad category of basic support (which includes meals and showers) was required more often as well. It was required in 76% of closed accompanying child support periods for Indigenous accompanying children, compared with 56% for non-Indigenous accompanying children (Figure 6.2). Indigenous accompanying children required culturally specific services in 18% of their closed accompanying child support periods compared with 4% for non-Indigenous accompanying children, while ‘advice or information’ and advocacy were required less often (in 22% and 21% respectively for Indigenous accompanying children, compared with 35% and 34%, respectively, for non-Indigenous accompanying children (Table 6.2). 
Thirty-one per cent of closed accompanying child support periods for Indigenous accompanying children and 47% for non-Indigenous accompanying children were returned without information on service requirements or provision (derived from tables 6.5 and 6.6). This is largely because an accompanying child may not receive support directly from a SAAP agency, but may receive support indirectly as a consequence of the support provided to their parent(s) or guardian(s), or may have accompanied their parent(s) or guardian(s) to the agency and received no support whatsoever. These records are not included in the analysis presented in the previous paragraph or in the discussion of service provision for accompanying children.

Figure 6.2: Closed accompanying child support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous accompanying children, by broad types of services required, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)	
Service provision
Clients
There was little difference between Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients in the extent to which required services were able to be provided. Both groups on average required six specific support types per closed support period (derived from tables 6.3 and 6.4), and the vast majority (91%) of these services for Indigenous clients were provided directly by the SAAP agency, as were 90% for non-Indigenous clients. Four per cent of the services that were required were neither provided nor referred for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, and clients were referred elsewhere for the remaining required services (5% for Indigenous clients and 7% for non-Indigenous clients) (tables 6.3 and 6.4).
The three types of support required in the greatest number of closed support periods for Indigenous clients had similar rates of provision for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients. Advice or information was provided in 99% of the closed support periods in which it was required for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, SAAP or CAP accommodation was provided in 93% for Indigenous clients and 88% for non-Indigenous clients, while emotional support was provided in 98% for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients. 
Although required in fewer closed support periods, greater differences were seen in the provision of some of the specialist services. Culturally specific support was required in 16% (4,600) of the closed support periods for Indigenous clients and was provided in 87% of these, while for non-Indigenous clients it was required in 4% (5,300) of closed support periods and was provided in 71% (tables 6.1, 6.3, 6.4). Psychiatric services were unmet (neither provided nor referred) in 20% of the closed support periods in which they were required for Indigenous clients; higher than the 13% for non-Indigenous clients. It must be noted, however, that Indigenous clients were assessed to need these services in just 2% (400) of their closed support periods. Similarly, for Indigenous clients, family planning support was unmet in 18% of the closed support periods in which it was required; higher than the 10% reported for non-Indigenous clients, although again this type of support was required in a small proportion of the closed support periods for Indigenous clients (1%).
Accompanying children
Overall, 94% of the services required for Indigenous accompanying children were able to be provided directly by the SAAP agency. The accompanying child was referred on for a further 4%of the services required, and the remaining 2% were neither provided nor referred at the end of support. A slightly smaller proportion of the services required for non-Indigenous accompanying children were provided directly by the agency (90%), however non-Indigenous accompanying children were referred elsewhere for a greater proportion (7%). The proportion that remained unmet at the end of support was similar to that for Indigenous accompanying children (3%) (tables 6.5 and 6.6). Both Indigenous and non-Indigenous accompanying children on average required 4 types of support during their closed accompanying child support periods (derived from tables 6.5 and 6.6). 
As mentioned, services required for Indigenous accompanying children were more often provided directly by the SAAP agency, and they were referred elsewhere to receive the services less often. The broad group ‘specialist services’ is one of the starker examples of this. These services remained unmet after 6% of closed accompanying child support periods for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous accompanying children, however, for Indigenous accompanying children, they were provided directly (without also being referred) 57% of the time, and Indigenous accompanying children were referred elsewhere for these services (without direct provision by the agency) 15% of the time. In contrast, for non-Indigenous accompanying children, specialist services were provided directly 38% of the time, and the children were referred elsewhere 33% of the time. 

Tables
Table 6.1: SAAP closed support periods: services required for clients, by Indigenous status, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent of closed support periods)
Type of service 	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous		Total	
			%	Number	
Housing/accommodation	73.2	64.0	65.7	104,600	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	58.1	44.3	46.9	74,700	
Assistance to obtain/maintain short-term accommodation	11.8	15.0	14.4	23,000	
Assistance to obtain/maintain medium-term accommodation	8.1	10.9	10.3	16,500	
Assistance to obtain/maintain independent housing	20.8	24.7	24.0	38,200	
Financial/employment	37.3	40.7	40.1	63,900	
Assistance to obtain/maintain government allowance	9.1	9.5	9.5	15,100	
Employment and training assistance	4.9	6.2	6.0	9,500	
Financial assistance/material aid	30.6	33.1	32.6	51,900	
Financial counselling and support	8.6	9.5	9.3	14,800	
Personal support	57.6	59.0	58.8	93,600	
Incest/sexual assault	1.6	1.9	1.8	2,900	
Domestic/family violence	22.9	21.0	21.4	34,100	
Family/relationship	14.8	15.0	15.0	23,900	
Emotional	49.9	52.9	52.4	83,400	
Assistance with problem gambling	0.5	0.8	0.8	1,200	
General support/advocacy	71.6	81.1	79.3	126,400	
Living skills/personal development	16.0	19.0	18.5	29,400	
Assistance with legal issues/court support	10.9	10.7	10.7	17,000	
Advice/information	62.3	73.9	71.8	114,300	
Retrieval/storage/removal of belongings	13.7	17.8	17.1	27,200	
Advocacy/liaison on behalf of client	37.1	37.5	37.5	59,700	
Specialist services	32.3	31.3	31.5	50,200	
Psychological services	3.9	7.4	6.8	10,800	
Specialist counselling services	5.8	7.5	7.2	11,500	
Psychiatric services	1.5	3.1	2.8	4,500	
Pregnancy support	1.7	1.5	1.5	2,400	
Family planning support	1.3	1.3	1.3	2,000	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	7.3	8.0	7.9	12,600	
Physical disability services	0.2	0.3	0.3	500	
Intellectual disability services	0.3	0.4	0.4	600	
Culturally specific support	15.8	4.1	6.2	9,900	
Interpreter services	0.1	1.6	1.3	2,100	
Assistance with immigration issues	0.1	1.2	1.0	1,600	
Health/medical services	13.3	14.0	13.9	22,100	
Basic support and other services	65.7	48.9	52.0	82,800	
Meals	48.9	32.0	35.1	56,000	
Laundry/shower facilities	45.9	30.1	33.0	52,600	
Recreation	23.6	17.3	18.5	29,400	
Transport	37.7	20.7	23.8	38,000	
Other	13.3	12.1	12.3	19,600	
No needs recorded	0.4	0.6	0.6	900	
Total (number)	29,200	130,100	. .	159,300	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 18,768 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision).
2.	Clients were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table 6.2: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: services required for accompanying children, by indigenous status, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent of closed accompanying child support periods) 
				Total	
Type of service 	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	%	Number	
Accommodation	73.6	61.3	65.4	29,300	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	73.6	61.3	65.4	29,300	
School liaison/child care	32.0	29.2	30.1	13,500	
School liaison	13.8	12.9	13.2	5,900	
Child care	24.3	20.4	21.7	9,700	
Personal support	24.5	21.1	22.3	10,000	
Help with behavioural problems	6.5	9.0	8.2	3,700	
Sexual/physical abuse support	2.2	3.3	2.9	1,300	
Skills education	6.4	7.0	6.8	3,000	
Structured play/skill development	18.5	12.8	14.7	6,600	
General support/advocacy	32.0	52.2	45.4	20,300	
Access arrangements	2.0	5.1	4.1	1,800	
Advice/information	21.8	35.0	30.5	13,700	
Advocacy	20.7	33.5	29.2	13,100	
Specialist services	27.0	17.9	21.0	9,400	
Specialist counselling	4.1	6.7	5.8	2,600	
Culturally specific services 	18.0	3.8	8.6	3,900	
Health/medical services	10.5	10.5	10.5	4,700	
Basic support and other services	75.7	55.6	62.4	28,000	
Meals 	57.4	31.9	40.5	18,100	
Showers/hygiene 	52.5	28.6	36.7	16,400	
Recreation	40.3	26.0	30.8	13,800	
Transport	51.7	32.7	39.1	17,500	
Other	12.4	17.5	15.7	7,100	
No needs recorded	0.7	0.6	0.6	300	
Total (number)	15,100	29,700	. .	44,800	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 36,064 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 32,888 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Accompanying children were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table 6.3: SAAP closed support periods: services required for Indigenous clients, by provision, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Part a: Individual services required (per cent closed support periods)
	Not provided		Provided			
Type of service (Indigenous clients)	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total	Closed support periods (number)	
Housing/accommodation										
SAAP/CAP accommodation	3.3	3.9	7.2		89.5	3.3	92.8	100.0	17,000	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain short-term accommodation	11.5	13.9	25.4		56.3	18.3	74.6	100.0	3,400	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain medium-term accommodation	16.5	19.4	35.9		44.9	19.2	64.1	100.0	2,400	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain independent housing	10.4	12.6	23.0		50.4	26.6	77.0	100.0	6,100	
Financial/employment										
Assistance to obtain/
maintain government allowance	5.4	14.5	19.9		51.5	28.6	80.1	100.0	2,700	
Employment and training assistance	16.7	22.6	39.3		36.8	24.0	60.8	100.0	1,400	
Financial assistance/material aid	3.9	6.0	9.9		78.9	11.3	90.2	100.0	8,900	
Financial counselling and support	13.8	12.2	26.0		57.3	16.6	73.9	100.0	2,500	
Personal support										
Incest/sexual assault	16.2	23.1	39.3		36.2	24.5	60.7	100.0	500	
Domestic/family violence	3.9	6.1	10.0		75.5	14.5	90.0	100.0	6,700	
Family/relationship	7.9	4.3	12.2		69.7	18.2	87.9	100.0	4,300	
Emotional	1.7	0.4	2.1		94.5	3.4	97.9	100.0	14,600	
Assistance with problem gambling	34.4	29.0	63.4		23.3	13.4	36.7	100.0	100	
General support/advocacy										
Living skills/personal development	6.0	2.4	8.4		86.7	4.9	91.6	100.0	4,700	
Assistance with legal issues/court support	4.8	16.4	21.2		50.4	28.4	78.8	100.0	3,200	
Advice/information	0.9	0.3	1.2		95.0	3.7	98.7	100.0	18,200	
Retrieval/storage/removal of belongings	2.3	1.5	3.8		91.3	4.9	96.2	100.0	4,000	
Advocacy/liaison on behalf of client	2.8	0.7	3.5		80.9	15.6	96.5	100.0	10,800	
Specialist services										
Psychological services	11.3	15.6	26.9		43.5	29.7	73.2	100.0	1,100	
Specialist counselling services	12.5	23.3	35.8		46.8	17.4	64.2	100.0	1,700	
Psychiatric services	20.1	45.6	65.7		18.1	16.2	34.3	100.0	400	
Pregnancy support	11.0	23.8	34.8		42.9	22.4	65.3	100.0	500	
Family planning support	17.9	25.7	43.6		36.7	19.7	56.4	100.0	400	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	16.4	19.6	36.0		45.0	19.0	64.0	100.0	2,100	
Physical disability services	16.5	44.9	61.4		27.4	11.2	38.6	100.0	100	
Intellectual disability services	22.1	39.0	61.1		24.0	15.0	39.0	100.0	100	
Culturally specific support	2.9	10.1	13.0		70.3	16.6	86.9	100.0	4,600	
Interpreter services	9.3	38.0	47.3		52.7	—	52.7	100.0	<50	
Assistance with immigration issues	—	68.6	68.6		23.1	8.3	31.4	100.0	<50	
Health/medical services	4.9	33.5	38.4		36.5	25.1	61.6	100.0	3,900	
Basic support and other services										
Meals	1.3	0.7	2.0		96.2	1.8	98.0	100.0	14,300	
Laundry/shower facilities	0.8	0.1	0.9		98.5	0.6	99.1	100.0	13,400	
Recreation	1.4	0.7	2.1		96.4	1.4	97.8	100.0	6,900	
Transport	2.0	1.7	3.7		94.1	2.2	96.3	100.0	11,000	
Other	0.7	0.8	1.5	 	91.2	7.3	98.5	100.0	3,900	
(continued)
Table 6.3 (continued): SAAP closed support periods: services required for Indigenous clients, by provision, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Part b: Broad types of services required (per cent distinct services)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. Closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 
(Indigenous clients)	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Housing/accommodation	6.8	8.2	15.0		73.7	11.3	85.0	100.0	28,800	21,400	
Financial/employment	6.9	10.0	16.9		66.8	16.3	83.1	100.0	15,500	10,900	
Personal support	3.7	3.0	6.7		84.1	9.1	93.2	100.0	26,200	16,800	
General support/advocacy	2.4	2.0	4.4		86.5	9.1	95.6	100.0	40,900	20,900	
Specialist services	8.4	21.8	30.2		49.5	20.4	69.9	100.0	15,000	9,400	
Basic support and 
other services	1.3	0.8	2.1		96.0	1.9	97.9	100.0	49,500	19,200	
Total (row %)	3.9	5.2	9.1		81.8	9.0	90.9	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	6,900	9,200	16,100		143,900	15,900	159,800	. .	175,900	29,100	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 867 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). Note that there were 14,174 closed support periods (weighted) nationally for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
2.	Part a of this table presents the percentage of specific services that were provided or not provided. These percentages relate to closed support periods. Part b presents the percentage of service types that were provided or not provided in broad groups of service types. These percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 6.4: SAAP closed support periods: services required for non-Indigenous clients, by provision, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Part a: Individual services required (per cent closed support periods)
	Not provided		Provided			
Type of service 
(non-Indigenous clients)	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total	Closed support periods (number)	
Housing/accommodation										
SAAP/CAP accommodation	3.7	8.2	11.9		82.0	6.1	88.1	100.0	57,700	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain short-term accommodation	7.3	14.8	22.1		63.6	14.3	77.9	100.0	19,600	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain medium- term accommodation	11.4	19.4	30.8		52.5	16.7	69.2	100.0	14,100	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain independent housing	8.6	11.6	20.2		62.3	17.5	79.8	100.0	32,100	
Financial/employment										
Assistance to obtain/
maintain government allowance	5.4	15.6	21.0		58.1	20.9	79.0	100.0	12,400	
Employment and training assistance	15.3	24.8	40.1		44.0	15.9	59.9	100.0	8,000	
Financial assistance/material aid	3.6	7.0	10.6		76.9	12.5	89.4	100.0	43,000	
Financial counselling and support	10.9	15.3	26.2		61.4	12.3	73.7	100.0	12,300	
Personal support										
Incest/sexual assault	9.8	22.9	32.7		47.6	19.6	67.2	100.0	2,500	
Domestic/family violence	3.4	5.0	8.4		82.6	9.0	91.6	100.0	27,400	
Family/relationship	8.1	5.6	13.7		77.1	9.2	86.3	100.0	19,600	
Emotional	1.4	0.5	1.9		94.8	3.3	98.1	100.0	68,900	
Assistance with problem gambling	40.6	18.5	59.1		31.2	9.7	40.9	100.0	1,100	
General support/advocacy										
Living skills/personal development	4.5	2.0	6.5		88.6	4.9	93.5	100.0	24,700	
Assistance with legal issues/court support	5.4	14.4	19.8		57.0	23.2	80.2	100.0	13,900	
Advice/information	0.8	0.3	1.1		95.7	3.2	98.9	100.0	96,100	
Retrieval/storage/removal of belongings	2.3	2.2	4.5		91.9	3.6	95.5	100.0	23,200	
Advocacy/liaison on behalf of client	1.9	0.9	2.8		88.9	8.3	97.2	100.0	48,800	
Specialist services										
Psychological services	8.1	21.1	29.2		63.2	7.6	70.8	100.0	9,600	
Specialist counselling services	9.2	27.9	37.1		46.3	16.7	63.0	100.0	9,800	
Psychiatric services	13.3	40.1	53.4		29.8	16.8	46.6	100.0	4,100	
Pregnancy support	8.2	21.5	29.7		42.4	27.9	70.3	100.0	1,900	
Family planning support	10.0	21.1	31.1		51.4	17.6	69.0	100.0	1,600	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	16.7	16.0	32.7		51.7	15.6	67.3	100.0	10,500	
Physical disability services	16.2	48.3	64.5		20.8	14.7	35.5	100.0	400	
Intellectual disability services	17.4	39.5	56.9		24.2	18.8	43.0	100.0	500	
Culturally specific support	2.9	26.1	29.0		60.6	10.4	71.0	100.0	5,300	
Interpreter services	3.2	16.5	19.7		70.6	9.8	80.4	100.0	2,000	
Assistance with immigration issues	4.6	17.1	21.7		48.4	29.8	78.2	100.0	1,600	
Health/medical services	5.4	27.3	32.7		49.3	18.0	67.3	100.0	18,200	
Basic support and other services										
Meals	1.0	1.0	2.0		96.2	1.8	98.0	100.0	41,700	
Laundry/shower facilities	0.8	0.2	1.0		98.4	0.6	99.0	100.0	39,200	
Recreation	1.9	1.3	3.2		94.6	2.2	96.8	100.0	22,500	
Transport	2.3	1.9	4.2		93.2	2.5	95.7	100.0	26,900	
Other	1.0	1.8	2.8	 	91.8	5.3	97.1	100.0	15,700	
 (continued)

Table 6.4 (continued): SAAP closed support periods: services required for non-Indigenous clients, by provision, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Part b: Broad types of services required (per cent distinct services)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. Closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 
(non-Indigenous clients)	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Housing/accommodation	6.4	11.4	17.8		70.6	11.6	82.2	100.0	123,500	83,200	
Financial/employment	6.3	11.7	18.0		67.8	14.2	82.0	100.0	75,800	53,000	
Personal support	3.5	3.0	6.5		87.6	6.0	93.6	100.0	119,400	76,800	
General support/advocacy	2.0	1.8	3.8		90.2	6.0	96.2	100.0	206,700	105,500	
Specialist services	8.7	24.7	33.4		51.1	15.5	66.6	100.0	65,500	40,800	
Basic support and 
other services	1.3	1.1	2.4		95.5	2.1	97.6	100.0	146,000	63,600	
Total (row %)	3.9	6.5	10.4		81.8	7.8	89.6	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	28,600	48,000	76,600		602,600	57,800	660,400	. .	737,000	129,300	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 4,649 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). Note that there were 14,174 closed support periods (weighted) nationally for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
2.	Part a of this table presents the percentage of specific services that were provided or not provided. These percentages relate to closed support periods. Part b presents the percentage of service types that were provided or not provided in broad groups of service types. These percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 6.5: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: services required for Indigenous accompanying children, by provision, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Part a: Individual services required (per cent closed accompanying child support periods)
	Not provided		Provided		Closed accompany-ing child support periods (number)	
Type of service (Indigenous accompanying children)	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Subtotal		Provided only	Provided and referred	Subtotal	Total		
Accommodation										
SAAP/CAP accommodation	2.5	4.7	7.2		89.6	3.2	92.8	100.0	11,100	
School liaison/child care										
School liaison	4.5	6.7	11.2		61.5	27.2	88.7	100.0	2,100	
Child care	2.1	5.6	7.7		86.4	6.0	92.4	100.0	3,700	
Personal support										
Help with behavioural problems	13.0	9.7	22.7		61.1	16.3	77.4	100.0	1,000	
Sexual/
physical abuse support	13.1	25.9	39.0		42.7	18.3	61.0	100.0	300	
Skills education	6.0	3.6	9.6		84.9	5.4	90.3	100.0	1,000	
Structured play/
skill development	2.7	3.1	5.8		91.1	3.0	94.1	100.0	2,800	
General support/advocacy										
Access arrangements	6.8	23.3	30.1		59.0	11.0	70.0	100.0	300	
Advice/information	1.5	0.9	2.4		93.8	3.7	97.5	100.0	3,300	
Advocacy	2.5	2.1	4.6		80.4	15.0	95.4	100.0	3,100	
Specialist services										
Specialist counselling	22.6	29.3	51.9		31.6	16.6	48.2	100.0	600	
Culturally specific services 	3.0	5.4	8.4		71.4	20.2	91.6	100.0	2,700	
Health/medical services	4.1	25.0	29.1		42.5	28.3	70.8	100.0	1,600	
Basic support and 
other services										
Meals 	0.7	0.9	1.6		97.1	1.3	98.4	100.0	8,700	
Showers/hygiene 	0.8	0.1	0.9		98.4	0.7	99.1	100.0	8,000	
Recreation	0.9	0.5	1.4		97.0	1.5	98.5	100.0	6,100	
Transport	0.7	1.5	2.2		96.1	1.7	97.8	100.0	7,800	
Other	2.0	2.9	4.9	 	68.1	27.0	95.1	100.0	1,900	
(continued)

Table 6.5 (continued): SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: services required for Indigenous accompanying children, by provision, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Part b: Broad types of services required (per cent distinct services)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service (Indigenous accompanying children)	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Accommodation	2.5	4.7	7.2		89.6	3.2	92.8	100.0	11,100	11,100	
School liaison/
child care	3.0	6.0	9.0		77.3	13.7	91.0	100.0	5,800	4,800	
Personal support	6.0	6.0	12.0		80.9	7.1	88.0	100.0	5,100	3,700	
General support/
advocacy	2.2	2.5	4.7		86.0	9.3	95.3	100.0	6,700	4,800	
Specialist services	5.8	14.7	20.5		57.1	22.3	79.4	100.0	4,900	4,100	
Basic support and other services	0.9	0.9	1.8		95.5	2.8	98.3	100.0	32,400	11,500	
Total (%)	2.2	3.6	5.8		88.0	6.3	94.2	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	1,500	2,400	3,900	 	58,100	4,100	62,200	 . .	66,100	15,000	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 6,653 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 6,177 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child. Note that there were 3,705 closed accompanying child support periods (weighted) nationally for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
2.	Part a of this table presents the percentage of specific services that were provided or not provided. These percentages relate to closed accompanying child support periods. Part b presents the percentage of service types that were provided or not provided in broad groups of service types. These percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 6.6: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: services required for non-Indigenous accompanying children, by provision, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Part a: Individual services required (per cent closed accompanying child support periods)
	Not provided		Provided		Closed accompany-ing child support periods (number)	
Type of service (Indigenous accompanying children)	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Subtotal		Provided only	Provided and referred	Subtotal	Total		
Accommodation										
SAAP/CAP accommodation	3.6	11.3	14.9		78.5	6.6	85.1	100.0	18,200	
School liaison/child care										
School liaison	6.2	8.5	14.7		71.7	13.7	85.4	100.0	3,800	
Child care	3.8	10.5	14.3		74.9	10.8	85.7	100.0	6,100	
Personal support										
Help with behavioural problems	8.1	15.0	23.1		56.8	20.1	76.9	100.0	2,700	
Sexual/
physical abuse support	5.9	19.8	25.7		47.7	26.6	74.3	100.0	1,000	
Skills education	4.6	6.7	11.3		80.9	7.8	88.7	100.0	2,100	
Structured play/
skill development	3.6	5.2	8.8		84.2	7.0	91.2	100.0	3,800	
General support/advocacy										
Access arrangements	7.1	27.2	34.3		51.0	14.6	65.6	100.0	1,500	
Advice/information	1.2	1.0	2.2		92.7	5.1	97.8	100.0	10,400	
Advocacy	1.5	1.6	3.1		90.3	6.6	96.9	100.0	9,900	
Specialist services										
Specialist counselling	9.8	40.0	49.8		28.1	22.0	50.1	100.0	2,000	
Culturally specific services 	4.8	11.0	15.8		77.2	7.1	84.3	100.0	1,100	
Health/medical services	3.9	36.5	40.4		29.3	30.3	59.6	100.0	3,100	
Basic support and 
other services										
Meals 	0.8	2.0	2.8		95.3	2.0	97.3	100.0	9,400	
Showers/hygiene 	0.9	0.1	1.0		98.0	1.0	99.0	100.0	8,500	
Recreation	1.6	1.3	2.9		93.6	3.5	97.1	100.0	7,700	
Transport	1.0	2.1	3.1		94.9	2.0	96.9	100.0	9,700	
Other	1.1	6.0	7.1	 	77.5	15.4	92.9	100.0	5,200	
 (continued)

Table 6.6 (continued): SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: services required for non-Indigenous accompanying children, by provision, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Part b: Broad types of services required (per cent distinct services)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service (non-Indigenous accompanying children)	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Accommodation	3.6	11.3	14.9		78.5	6.6	85.1	100.0	18,200	18,200	
School liaison/
child care	4.7	9.7	14.4		73.6	11.9	85.5	100.0	9,900	8,700	
Personal support	5.3	9.8	15.1		72.1	12.9	85.0	100.0	9,500	6,300	
General support/
advocacy	1.8	3.1	4.9		88.7	6.4	95.1	100.0	21,900	15,500	
Specialist services	5.9	33.0	38.9		37.7	23.4	61.1	100.0	6,200	5,300	
Basic support and other services	1.0	2.0	3.0		93.2	3.8	97.0	100.0	40,500	16,500	
Total (%)	2.6	7.1	9.7		82.8	7.5	90.3	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	2,800	7,500	10,300	 	87,900	8,000	95,900	 . .	106,200	29,500	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 25,997 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 24,998 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child. Note that there were 3,705 closed accompanying child support periods (weighted) nationally for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
2.	Part a of this table presents the percentage of specific service types that were provided or not provided. These percentages relate to closed accompanying child support periods. Part b presents the percentage of service types that were provided or not provided in broad groups of service types. These percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.
7	Circumstances before and after support
This chapter presents information on the circumstances of Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients before and after their closed support periods. Information on the type of house or dwelling, the type of tenure, the client’s living situation (that is, who they were living with), their main source of income and their employment status are presented. This is further broken down by sex and by length of support. 
A comparatively high proportion of the support periods that closed during 2006–07 were returned with the questions that will be analysed in this section either left blank or with ‘don’t know’ or ‘client left without providing any information’ indicated. Such closed support periods are excluded from the analysis in this section. The proportion of excluded information is higher for the ‘after support’ component of the questions; for the five questions analysed in this section, between 21% and 36% of closed support periods are excluded from the analysis of client outcomes after support. For the majority of these the SAAP agency worker entered either ‘don’t know’ or ‘client left without providing any information’; on average these two responses were returned for between 64% and 81% of the records that were excluded from the after support calculations (AIHW unpublished data). Therefore, most of the excluded records are not the result of invalid entries, but may be more a consequence of conducting a data collection on a population that it is difficult to collect such information on.
Note that the high proportion of closed support periods for Indigenous females had an effect on the overall Indigenous figures throughout this chapter.
Type of house/dwelling
Indigenous clients reported that they were staying in a house or flat before and after a greater proportion of their closed support periods than non-Indigenous clients. This was the case before 72% of closed support periods and after 78% for Indigenous clients, compared with before 64% and after 69% for non-Indigenous clients. Indigenous clients had a smaller proportion of closed support periods where they were in a ‘caravan, boarding or rooming house’ or a ‘hostel, hotel or motel’ before and after support (Table 7.1).
The type of house or dwelling a client was in before and after support seemed to be influenced more by sex than by Indigenous status. For example, 80% of Indigenous and 79% of non-Indigenous females were in a house or flat before their closed support periods, compared with 52% of Indigenous and 45% of non-Indigenous males (Table 7.3). As a greater proportion of the closed support periods provided to Indigenous clients were provided to females than was the case for non-Indigenous clients (73% compared with 54%), the type of house or dwelling Indigenous females came from or exited to had a large effect on the overall Indigenous figures (AIHW unpublished data). 
Males were more likely than females to have been in an improvised dwelling or sleeping rough before and/or after support. Nineteen per cent of both Indigenous and non-Indigenous males reported this before their closed support periods, compared with 8% and 5%, respectively, for Indigenous and non-Indigenous females.
Type of tenure
Indigenous clients were more often in public or community housing rental accommodation before and after their closed support periods than non-Indigenous clients, and in private rental accommodation less often. Public housing was the type of tenure reported most often before and after support for Indigenous clients (before 21% and after 24%); higher than the 9% before and 13% after for non-Indigenous clients. Community housing rental was reported before 13% and after 15% for Indigenous clients, which was a substantially higher proportion than the 3% before and 6% after reported for non-Indigenous clients. Private rental accommodation was recorded before 15% of closed support periods for Indigenous clients, rising to 17% after support, however these proportions were lower than the 28% and 30% before and after support for non-Indigenous clients (Table 7.1). 
Both public and community housing rental accommodation were reported before and after a greater proportion of closed support periods for Indigenous females than for Indigenous males. Twenty-five per cent of Indigenous females were in public housing before their closed support periods, and this figure rose to 27% after support, higher than the 10% before and 15% after support for Indigenous males. Indigenous females were in community housing rental before 17% and after 19% of their closed support periods, which was also higher than the 3% before and 5% after support for Indigenous males (Table 7.3). 
Indigenous males were more likely to have been in accommodation types that could be considered less secure before and after support. Indigenous males came from and exited to SAAP or CAP accommodation, an institution, an improvised dwelling or sleeping rough, a situation of ‘other, no tenure’ or rent-free accommodation in a greater proportion of their closed support periods than Indigenous females (Table 7.3).
Living situation
Indigenous clients reported living alone before and after a smaller proportion of their closed support periods than non-Indigenous clients did (14% before support and 16% after for Indigenous clients compared with 28% before and 32% after for non-Indigenous clients) (Table 7.1). Indigenous clients were, however, more likely to have reported living with relatives or friends (either temporarily or long term), reporting this before 30% and after 28% of their closed support periods, higher than the 15% and 12% for non-Indigenous clients (derived from Table 7.1).
Different responses were seen before and after support for Indigenous males and females. Indigenous males were more likely to have lived alone or with unrelated people, while Indigenous females were more often living with their spouse or partner (with or without children) or alone with children. For example, Indigenous males reported living alone before 30% of their closed support periods and after 34%, considerably higher proportions than the 8% before and 11% after reported by Indigenous females (Table 7.3). These variations of living situation, which were dependent on the sex of the client, were generally seen for non-Indigenous males and females as well.
Main income source
The majority of Indigenous clients (89% before support and 90% after) reported a government payment as their main source of income before and after their closed support periods, as did the majority of non-Indigenous clients (82% before and 85% after) (derived from Table 7.2). The ‘Parenting payment’ was the specific type of income reported most often before and after closed support periods for Indigenous clients (before 35% and after 36%), higher than the 20% before and 22% after reported by non-Indigenous clients. Newstart Allowance was the next most frequently reported, before 23% and after 22% of closed support periods for Indigenous clients, and in roughly equivalent proportions for non-Indigenous clients (24% before and after support). The third most frequently reported income source was the Disability Support Pension, although this constituted the main source of income before and after a smaller proportion of closed support periods for Indigenous clients (before 13% and after 14%) than non-Indigenous clients (before 23% and after 24%).
Nearly half (46% before and 48% after) of Indigenous females reported the Parenting Payment as their main source of income before and after support. This was much higher than the 3% reported before and after by Indigenous males. This was similar for non-Indigenous males and females, although the proportions for non-Indigenous females were not as high (36% before and 39% after). Indigenous males were more likely to have received Newstart Allowance, Youth Allowance, or the Disability Support Pension before and after support than Indigenous females, with these payments being reported before or after between 13% and 37% of closed support periods for Indigenous males compared with between 7% and 18% for Indigenous females (Table 7.4).
The SAAP NDC collects information on two government payments specifically targeted for Indigenous people; the Community Development Employment Project (CDEP) payment, which was reported as the main income source before and after 3% of closed support periods for Indigenous clients, and the ‘Abstudy’ payment, which was reported before and after 1%.
Employment status
The majority of clients were not in the labour force before or after support. This was the case for approximately three-quarters of the closed support periods for Indigenous clients (74% before support and 75% after) and a smaller proportion for non-Indigenous clients (68% before and after). A further 18% of Indigenous clients reported that they were ‘unemployed (looking for work)’ before support, with a corresponding figure of 17% after support; lower than the 22% before and 21% after support for non-Indigenous clients (Table 7.2). Indigenous clients were slightly less likely to have been employed (either full or part time) before and after their closed support periods (8% before and 9% after for Indigenous clients compared with 10% and 12% for non-Indigenous clients) (derived from Table 7.2). 
Indigenous males were more likely to have been ‘unemployed (looking for work)’ than Indigenous females (32% before support and 30% after compared with 13% and 12%, respectively), and less likely to have reported that they were not in the labour force (60% before support and 61% after for males, compared with 79% and 80% for females). This was similar to what was reported for non-Indigenous males and females, although the proportion of Indigenous females who were not in the labour force before and after support was higher than for non-Indigenous females (Table 7.4).
There were only slight changes in employment status from before to after support for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients of both sexes. Generally there was a small increase in the proportion of each group that was employed (either full or part time) after support compared with before support, while the proportion unemployed (looking for work) fell very slightly from before to after support. The proportion not in the labour force stayed relatively constant before and after support. 

Tables
Table 7.1: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by accommodation and living situation before and after support, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Indigenous 		Non-Indigenous 		Total	
	Before	After		Before	After		Before	After	
Type of house/dwelling									
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	10.6	5.2		11.0	5.5		10.9	5.4	
House/flat	72.4	78.0		63.5	68.6		65.1	70.2	
Caravan/boarding or rooming house	7.0	7.3		12.3	14.2		11.3	13.0	
Hostel/hotel/motel	5.2	5.6		8.0	7.5		7.5	7.1	
Institutional setting	4.7	3.9		5.2	4.3		5.1	4.2	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	27,700	21,400		124,100	98,900		151,800	120,200	
Type of tenure 									
SAAP/CAP accommodation	12.6	14.2		14.4	17.4		14.1	16.9	
Institutional setting	3.2	2.2		3.4	2.4		3.4	2.4	
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	8.6	4.3		9.1	4.5		9.0	4.4	
Other, no tenure 	1.7	0.9		2.6	1.6		2.5	1.5	
Purchased/purchasing own home	0.7	0.7		5.1	4.4		4.3	3.7	
Private rental	15.0	17.0		28.1	29.8		25.8	27.6	
Public housing rental	20.8	24.4		9.1	12.9		11.2	14.9	
Community housing rental	13.2	15.4		3.4	5.6		5.2	7.3	
Rent-free accommodation	8.1	6.3		8.2	6.1		8.2	6.1	
Boarding	16.0	14.6		16.5	15.2		16.4	15.1	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	25,800	20,000		116,500	93,400		142,300	113,400	
Living situation									
With parent(s)	7.8	6.6		8.4	6.2		8.3	6.3	
With foster family	0.4	0.3		0.3	0.2		0.4	0.2	
With spouse/partner 	10.2	7.7		8.7	6.3		9.0	6.6	
With spouse/partner and child(ren)	14.3	11.1		11.2	7.8		11.8	8.4	
Alone	14.0	16.4		28.1	32.1		25.5	29.3	
Alone with children	12.5	19.7		12.3	18.7		12.4	18.9	
With relatives/friends temporary	22.2	18.6		12.9	8.8		14.6	10.5	
With relatives/friends long-term	8.1	9.4		2.4	3.4		3.4	4.5	
With other unrelated persons	9.5	9.1		14.6	15.2		13.7	14.1	
Other	0.9	1.1		0.9	1.2		0.9	1.2	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	28,000	21,900		124,400	102,400		152,500	124,400	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or type of house/dwelling (weighted): 26,282 closed support periods before support, 57,842 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or type of tenure (weighted): 35,776 closed support periods before support, 64,637 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or living situation (weighted): 25,618 closed support periods before support, 53,697 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
4.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 7.2: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by income and employment status before and after support, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Indigenous		Non-Indigenous		Total	
	Before	After		Before	After		Before	After	
Main income source									
No income	7.1	5.4		9.4	6.5		9.0	6.3	
Community Development Employment Project (CDEP)	3.3	3.0		—	0.1		0.7	0.6	
Newstart Allowance	22.6	22.4		23.8	23.7		23.5	23.5	
Youth Allowance	8.7	9.2		10.9	11.2		10.5	10.8	
Disability Support Pension	13.2	13.8		23.2	23.9		21.3	22.1	
Parenting Payment	34.7	35.9		20.4	21.6		23.1	24.2	
Abstudy	1.3	1.3		0.1	0.1		0.3	0.3	
Other government payments	5.1	4.7		4.0	4.1		4.2	4.2	
Wages/salary/own business	3.1	3.5		6.3	7.3		5.7	6.6	
Other income sources 	0.9	0.8		2.1	1.6		1.9	1.5	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	28,400	25,000		125,300	114,900		153,700	139,900	
Employment status									
Employed full time	2.2	2.8		3.8	4.9		3.5	4.5	
Employed part time	5.4	5.7		6.3	7.1		6.1	6.8	
Unemployed (looking for work)	18.0	16.5		21.9	20.5		21.2	19.8	
Not in labour force	74.4	75.1		68.1	67.6		69.2	68.9	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	27,000	23,400		123,300	111,100		150,200	134,500	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or main income source (weighted): 24,350 closed support periods before support, 38,177 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or employment status (weighted): 27,841 closed support periods before support, 43,572 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 7.3: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status and sex, by accommodation and living situation before and after support, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Indigenous		Non-Indigenous	
	Male		Female		Male		Female	
	Before 	After	Before 	After		Before 	After	Before 	After	
Type of house/dwelling										
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	19.4	9.9	7.7	3.8		18.5	10.3	4.7	2.0	
House/flat	51.5	58.8	79.6	83.7		44.5	49.2	79.2	82.4	
Caravan/boarding or rooming house	10.3	14.1	5.9	5.3		18.2	23.6	7.4	7.4	
Hostel/hotel/motel	8.6	9.5	4.1	4.4		10.9	10.3	5.7	5.5	
Institutional setting	10.2	7.6	2.8	2.8		7.9	6.5	3.0	2.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	7,000	5,000	20,700	16,400		56,200	41,300	67,900	57,600	
Type of tenure 										
SAAP/CAP accommodation	16.5	17.4	11.3	13.2		15.4	17.4	13.5	17.5	
Institutional setting	7.6	5.8	1.7	1.1		5.4	4.1	1.8	1.3	
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	14.9	7.7	6.5	3.3		15.3	8.5	3.9	1.5	
Other, no tenure 	2.8	1.4	1.3	0.7		3.5	2.4	1.9	1.1	
Purchased/purchasing own home	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.8		1.2	1.1	8.3	6.8	
Private rental	15.3	20.1	14.9	16.0		21.2	23.9	33.9	34.2	
Public housing rental	9.9	14.8	24.6	27.3		6.5	10.4	11.2	14.6	
Community housing rental	3.3	4.8	16.5	18.6		4.9	7.3	2.3	4.4	
Rent-free accommodation	11.1	9.5	7.1	5.4		7.9	5.8	8.5	6.3	
Boarding	18.0	18.0	15.3	13.6		18.7	19.2	14.7	12.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	6,500	4,600	19,300	15,500		52,900	39,100	63,500	54,200	
Living situation										
With parent(s)	8.4	7.9	7.6	6.2		7.8	5.7	8.9	6.6	
With foster family	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3		0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	
With spouse/partner 	6.4	6.2	11.6	8.2		5.6	5.2	11.3	7.2	
With spouse/partner and child(ren)	5.8	6.9	17.3	12.4		4.4	4.6	16.9	10.3	
Alone	30.2	34.4	8.3	10.7		45.4	50.0	13.9	18.7	
Alone with children	2.0	3.1	16.1	25.0		1.9	2.6	20.9	30.7	
With relatives/friends temporary	21.6	14.8	22.5	19.9		11.6	7.8	13.9	9.5	
With relatives/friends long-term	5.8	7.9	8.8	9.8		2.2	3.0	2.6	3.8	
With other unrelated persons	18.2	17.5	6.5	6.5		19.9	20.0	10.3	11.5	
Other	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.1		0.9	0.7	1.0	1.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	7,300	5,300	20,800	16,600		56,200	43,900	68,300	58,600	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or type of house/dwelling (weighted): 26,282 closed support periods before support, 57,842 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or type of tenure (weighted): 35,776 closed support periods before support, 64,637 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or living situation (weighted): 25,618 closed support periods before support, 53,696 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
4.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 7.4: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status and sex, by income and employment status before and after support, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Indigenous		Non-Indigenous	
	Male		Female		Male		Female	
	Before 	After	Before 	After		Before 	After	Before 	After	
Main income source										
No income	10.9	8.4	5.7	4.3		9.0	6.2	9.8	6.7	
Community Development Employment Project (CDEP)	3.5	2.8	3.3	3.1		—	0.1	—	—	
Newstart Allowance	36.2	37.1	17.6	17.1		35.1	34.7	13.9	14.1	
Youth Allowance	13.2	14.3	7.1	7.4		10.6	11.1	11.1	11.2	
Disability Support Pension	24.4	26.3	9.1	9.4		33.7	34.7	14.0	14.5	
Parenting Payment	3.0	2.9	46.1	47.7		2.1	2.1	36.4	38.5	
Abstudy	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.3		—	—	0.1	0.1	
Other government payments	3.1	1.9	5.8	5.7		3.9	4.0	4.0	4.2	
Wages/salary/own business	3.5	4.3	2.9	3.2		4.7	6.3	7.6	8.2	
Other income sources 	0.6	0.6	1.1	0.9		0.8	0.8	3.2	2.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	7,500	6,600	20,900	18,500		58,300	53,400	67,000	61,500	
Employment status										
Employed full time	2.9	4.1	2.0	2.3		3.6	5.3	3.9	4.6	
Employed part time	5.2	5.7	5.4	5.7		4.2	5.1	8.0	8.7	
Unemployed (looking for work)	31.7	29.5	13.3	12.1		30.2	28.0	14.7	14.0	
Not in labour force	60.3	60.7	79.2	79.9		62.0	61.5	73.4	72.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	6,900	5,900	20,000	17,500		57,200	51,200	66,100	60,000	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or main income source (weighted): 24,350 closed support periods before support, 38,177 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or employment status (weighted): 27,841 closed support periods before support, 43,572 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	Table includes only those records where information was provided for both before and after support.
4.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 7.5: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by accommodation and living situation after support and length of support, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Indigenous		Non-Indigenous	
	1 week or less	>1–4 weeks	>4–26 weeks	>26 weeks	Total (no.)		1 week or less	>1–4 weeks	>4–26 weeks	>26 weeks	Total (no.)	
Type of house/dwelling												
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	6.2	6.1	3.2	2.1	1,100		8.1	4.8	2.5	2.4	5,400	
House/flat	76.5	75.5	80.3	88.3	16,700		57.5	68.5	81.0	88.2	67,800	
Caravan/boarding or rooming house	8.0	6.7	7.3	4.0	1,600		20.3	12.1	8.2	4.5	14,000	
Hostel/hotel/motel	5.7	7.3	4.9	2.6	1,200		9.9	8.5	4.6	1.9	7,400	
Institutional setting	3.6	4.5	4.3	3.0	800		4.2	6.2	3.8	3.0	4,300	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	52.0	19.0	22.4	6.6	100.0		46.8	16.2	28.6	8.5	100.0	
Total (number)	11,100	4,100	4,800	1,400	21,400		46,300	16,000	28,200	8,400	98,900	
Type of tenure 												
SAAP/CAP accommodation	14.0	15.9	13.8	12.4	2,800		19.5	19.4	15.1	10.4	16,300	
Institutional setting	1.8	2.7	2.9	1.9	400		2.5	3.2	2.1	2.1	2,300	
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	5.3	5.2	2.1	1.5	900		6.9	3.6	1.9	1.7	4,200	
Other, no tenure 	0.7	1.2	1.0	1.3	200		2.0	1.6	1.3	0.8	1,500	
Purchased/purchasing own home	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.7	100		3.9	4.0	5.6	3.8	4,100	
Private rental	13.7	17.5	23.2	19.9	3,400		25.1	32.5	35.4	32.0	27,900	
Public housing rental	22.8	22.1	25.7	39.4	4,900		10.5	9.0	14.2	28.3	12,000	
Community housing rental	21.2	11.4	7.5	8.0	3,100		6.6	3.3	4.9	7.2	5,200	
Rent-free accommodation	6.1	8.4	5.6	4.5	1,300		5.8	7.0	6.3	5.2	5,700	
Boarding	13.8	15.1	17.3	10.4	2,900		17.2	16.5	13.3	8.7	14,200	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	52.2	18.6	22.4	6.7	100.0		46.5	16.0	28.8	8.7	100.0	
Total (number)	10,500	3,700	4,500	1,400	20,000		43,400	14,900	26,900	8,100	93,400	
Living situation												
With parent(s)	6.2	6.3	7.1	9.2	1,400		4.4	6.5	8.5	8.1	6,400	
With foster family	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.2	100		0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	200	
With spouse/partner 	8.7	8.2	5.2	7.2	1,700		6.3	6.6	6.5	5.7	6,500	
With spouse/partner and child(ren)	11.2	9.7	10.9	14.7	2,400		6.5	7.1	9.5	11.1	8,000	
Alone	16.4	15.4	16.8	18.1	3,600		41.0	26.7	22.4	25.0	32,900	
Alone with children	17.3	18.6	24.0	27.4	4,300		14.7	17.4	23.3	28.0	19,200	
With relatives/friends temporary	20.4	20.3	15.9	9.3	4,100		8.8	10.8	8.6	5.3	9,000	
With relatives/friends long-term	10.3	9.0	8.2	6.8	2,100		2.1	3.6	5.0	5.7	3,500	
With other unrelated persons	7.9	11.5	10.8	6.4	2,000		14.5	20.0	15.0	10.3	15,600	
Other	1.3	0.9	0.8	0.7	200		1.4	1.1	1.0	0.7	1,200	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	51.8	19.2	22.5	6.5	100.0		47.1	16.3	28.2	8.4	100.0	
Total (number)	11,400	4,200	4,900	1,400	21,900		48,300	16,700	28,900	8,600	102,400	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or type of house/dwelling (weighted): 57,842 closed support periods (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or type of tenure (weighted): 64,637 closed support periods (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or living situation (weighted): 53,697 closed support periods (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
4.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 7.6: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by income and employment status after support and length of support, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Indigenous		Non-Indigenous	
	1 week or less	>1–4 weeks	>4–26 weeks	>26 weeks	Total (no.)		1 week or less	>1–4 weeks	>4–26 weeks	>26 weeks	Total (no.)	
Main income source												
No income	6.3	4.8	4.0	3.5	1,300		7.3	6.8	5.5	4.2	7,400	
Community Development Employment Project (CDEP)	4.0	2.6	1.7	1.0	800		—	—	0.1	0.1	100	
Newstart Allowance	22.2	26.3	21.0	16.1	5,600		26.9	24.7	19.9	14.7	27,200	
Youth Allowance	7.0	9.6	12.9	13.6	2,300		8.0	13.5	14.4	14.3	12,800	
Disability Support Pension	14.5	13.4	12.9	12.4	3,500		28.6	23.2	17.6	18.1	27,500	
Parenting Payment	35.9	31.4	38.2	42.7	9,000		17.6	19.5	27.0	32.3	24,800	
Abstudy	0.8	2.0	1.6	1.9	300		0.1	—	—	0.1	100	
Other government payments	5.6	6.0	2.2	1.9	1,200		4.5	3.6	3.8	3.8	4,800	
Wages/salary/own business	2.8	3.2	4.7	6.3	900		5.5	7.3	9.7	10.8	8,400	
Other income sources 	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	200		1.5	1.3	1.9	1.7	1,800	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	52.8	19.7	21.6	5.9	100.0		48.0	17.4	27.1	7.6	100.0	
Total (number)	13,200	4,900	5,400	1,500	25,000		55,100	20,000	31,100	8,700	114,900	
Employment status												
Employed full time	2.2	2.4	3.8	5.0	600		3.4	5.1	6.6	7.8	5,500	
Employed part time	5.0	5.7	6.6	7.9	1,300		4.4	7.5	10.1	12.4	7,800	
Unemployed (looking for work)	15.4	17.3	18.3	16.1	3,800		22.6	21.2	17.9	14.6	22,700	
Not in labour force	77.3	74.6	71.3	71.0	17,500		69.6	66.2	65.4	65.2	75,100	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	53.1	18.7	22.1	6.1	100.0		48.1	17.3	27.0	7.7	100.0	
Total (number)	12,400	4,400	5,200	1,400	23,400		53,400	19,200	30,000	8,500	111,100	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or main income source (weighted): 38,177 closed support periods (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for Indigenous status and/or employment status (weighted): 43,572 closed support periods (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.
8	Case management
SAAP agency workers are encouraged to implement case management plans for their clients (FaHCSIA 2005). In 2006–07, more than half (57%) of closed support periods provided to Indigenous clients had a case management plan in place by the end of support, slightly lower than the 61% recorded for non-Indigenous clients. Thirty-one per cent of the closed support periods for Indigenous clients did not have a case management plan in place because the support periods were too short, in 11% of their closed support periods Indigenous clients did not agree to one, and in less than 1% a case management plan was not put into place for other reasons (Table 8.1).
In more than half (54%) of those closed support periods for Indigenous clients in which a case management plan was put in place some or most of the goals set out in the plan were achieved, in 39% all the goals were achieved, and in 7% no goals were achieved. These figures were very similar to what was reported for non-Indigenous clients; in 55% some or most goals were achieved, in 38% all goals were achieved and in 7% no goals were achieved (Table 8.2).

Tables
Table 8.1: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by existence of a case management plan, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Case management plan	Indigenous	Non–Indigenous		                   Total	
			%	Number	
Yes	57.0	61.3	60.5	90,000	
No, client did not agree to one	11.4	7.4	8.1	12,100	
No, support period too short	30.8	30.2	30.3	45,100	
No, other reason	0.8	1.1	1.0	1,500	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	26,600	122,200	. .	148,800	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 29,319 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table 8.2: SAAP closed support periods where a case management plan was in place by the end of the support period: Indigenous status, by the extent to which the client’s case management goals were achieved, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Achievement of goals	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous		                   Total	
			%	Number	
All goals achieved	38.5	37.8	37.9	33,800	
Most or some goals achieved	54.2	55.2	55.1	49,100	
No goals achieved	7.3	7.0	7.0	6,300	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	15,000	74,100	. .	89,100	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 6,895 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Appendix 1	State and territory supplementary tables
Table A1: SAAP Indigenous clients: selected measures, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Total	
									%	Number	
Total Indigenous clients (number)	5,600	2,050	4,200	3,550	2,350	450	250	2,100	. .	20,100	
Total Indigenous clients (row %)	27.8	10.2	20.8	17.7	11.6	2.3	1.2	10.4	. .	. .	
Sex and age											
Male 											
0–14 years	3.8	2.5	4.7	1.2	5.1	4.8	5.1	6.0	4.1	250	
15–19 years	26.7	19.0	14.4	20.9	15.1	20.9	28.7	30.6	21.1	1,200	
20–24 years	15.3	14.9	12.1	11.9	13.9	10.4	19.1	13.8	13.9	750	
25–34 years	20.4	23.4	24.2	20.1	25.9	33.7	17.7	16.4	22.4	1,250	
35–44 years	22.0	21.8	25.2	28.9	24.5	19.8	19.4	19.3	23.1	1,300	
45+ years	11.9	18.3	19.3	16.9	15.5	10.4	9.9	13.9	15.5	850	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	32.4	11.8	26.9	8.8	11.0	3.8	1.6	6.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	1,800	650	1,500	500	600	200	100	350	. .	5,600	
Female 											
0–14 years	4.1	2.4	5.7	1.5	2.3	1.9	4.8	2.2	3.3	500	
15–19 years	23.3	20.4	16.8	14.2	15.0	24.7	43.3	17.3	18.6	2,700	
20–24 years	17.9	19.3	15.3	17.8	19.9	21.4	19.3	19.5	18.0	2,600	
25–34 years	27.2	28.4	29.8	33.5	33.3	28.8	17.9	29.1	29.8	4,350	
35–44 years	19.1	18.4	22.0	23.0	19.3	16.4	10.8	21.8	20.5	3,000	
45+ years	8.4	11.1	10.4	10.1	10.2	6.9	3.9	10.0	9.7	1,400	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	26.0	9.6	18.5	21.1	11.8	1.8	1.0	12.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	3,800	1,400	2,700	3,050	1,700	250	150	1,750	. .	14,550	
(continued)

Table A1 (continued): SAAP Indigenous clients: selected measures, by state and territory, 
Australia, 2006–07
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Total	
Mean age	28.6	30.0	30.8	30.8	30.1	28.2	25.1	29.5	29.7	
Male	29.2	31.7	32.8	32.6	31.4	29.1	28.1	28.5	30.8	
Female	28.2	29.1	29.6	30.5	29.6	27.4	23.4	29.7	29.3	
Median age	26	28	30	30	29	26	21	28	28	
Male	27	31	33	33	31	27	24	24	30	
Female	26	27	29	30	28	25	20	28	28	
Mean number of support periods 
per client	1.66	1.87	1.49	1.67	1.96	1.51	1.33	1.56	1.70	
Male	1.73	1.96	1.47	1.44	1.74	1.56	1.23	1.21	1.66	
Female	1.63	1.82	1.49	1.71	2.04	1.46	1.39	1.62	1.72	
Per 10,000 population 10+ years(a)	498	870	383	602	1,165	361	754	407	513	
Male	326	566	279	166	621	333	543	134	288	
Female	665	1,167	485	1,040	1,677	388	972	666	733	
(a)	‘Per 10,000 population 10+ years’ shows how many Indigenous people out of every 10,000 Indigenous people in the population of that sex and age group became SAAP clients. The rate is estimated by comparing the number of Indigenous SAAP clients with the estimated resident Indigenous population in the designated sex and age group as at 30 June 2006 (preliminary estimates). Neither the client nor population figures include those aged under 10 years.
Notes
1.	When interpreting this table note that there were 8,911 clients nationally (weighted) for whom ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.  
2.	The number of clients within a state or territory relates to the first visit for a client in that state or territory. Since a client may have had support periods in more than one state or territory, state and territory figures may not sum to the national figure.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client Collection; ABS 2007a.

Table A2: SAAP non-Indigenous clients: selected measures, by state and territory, 
Australia, 2006–07
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Total	
									%	Number	
Total non-Indigenous clients (number)	24,700	30,700	14,100	6,850	9,400	3,950	1,550	1,100	. .	89,800	
Total non-Indigenous clients 
(row %)	27.5	34.2	15.7	7.6	10.4	4.4	1.7	1.2	. .	. .	
Sex and age											
Male											
0–14 years	2.9	1.5	2.3	0.9	4.8	1.3	1.1	2.6	2.4	850	
15–19 years	19.7	17.6	14.8	12.1	18.3	15.3	21.6	18.0	17.7	6,450	
20–24 years	11.2	15.3	11.7	13.4	13.2	15.3	13.1	8.5	13.2	4,800	
25–34 years	20.5	23.6	23.8	27.6	23.6	26.5	25.1	18.4	23.0	8,450	
35–44 years	23.5	23.1	24.1	22.1	22.5	22.4	21.8	24.3	22.9	8,400	
45+ years	22.1	18.9	23.3	23.8	17.6	19.3	17.2	28.0	20.9	7,650	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	28.6	29.9	19.1	9.1	9.3	5.0	1.9	1.5	. .	. .	
Total (number)	10,500	10,950	7,000	3,350	3,400	1,850	700	550	. .	36,650	
Female 											
0–14 years	3.4	1.6	4.0	1.4	3.8	2.7	2.3	2.8	2.7	1,450	
15–19 years	21.9	16.8	19.3	17.0	18.1	25.6	30.2	24.6	19.3	10,250	
20–24 years	14.4	16.1	15.8	13.2	15.4	16.6	18.7	20.0	15.4	8,200	
25–34 years	25.3	26.9	28.2	27.9	28.2	22.7	26.4	20.9	26.6	14,150	
35–44 years	21.4	23.6	20.6	22.7	22.6	18.4	16.4	19.1	22.1	11,750	
45+ years	13.7	14.9	12.1	17.7	11.8	13.9	6.0	12.7	13.9	7,400	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	26.7	37.1	13.3	6.6	11.2	4.0	1.7	1.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	14,200	19,700	7,100	3,550	5,950	2,100	900	550	. .	53,200	
(continued)

Table A2 (continued): SAAP non-Indigenous clients: selected measures, by state and territory, 
Australia, 2006–07
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Total	
Mean age	31.6	32.1	32.2	33.5	30.8	31.2	28.9	32.3	31.7	
Male	33.4	32.9	34.6	34.7	31.8	33.0	32.0	35.5	33.3	
Female	30.3	31.7	29.9	32.4	30.2	29.6	26.6	28.9	30.7	
Median age	30	31	31	32	30	29	27	31	30	
Male	33	31	34	33	31	31	31	36	32	
Female	29	30	28	31	29	26	24	26	29	
Mean number of support periods 
per client	1.69	1.98	1.46	1.41	1.57	1.44	1.37	1.37	1.75	
Male	1.89	2.30	1.55	1.45	1.60	1.51	1.30	1.40	1.93	
Female	1.54	1.81	1.37	1.37	1.55	1.38	1.43	1.33	1.62	
Per 10,000 population 10+ years(a)	42	68	41	39	68	95	54	85	50	
Male	36	49	41	38	50	90	48	81	42	
Female	48	86	41	41	85	99	60	89	59	
(a)	‘Per 10,000 population 10+ years’ shows how many non-Indigenous people out of every 10,000 non-Indigenous people in the population of that sex and age group became SAAP clients. The rate is estimated by comparing the number of non-Indigenous SAAP clients with the estimated resident non-Indigenous population in the designated sex and age group as at 30 June 2006 (preliminary estimates). Neither the client nor population figures include those aged under 10 years.
Notes
1.	When interpreting this table note that there were 8,911 clients nationally (weighted) for whom ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.  
2.	The number of clients within a state or territory relates to the first visit for a client in that state or territory. Since a client may have had support periods in more than one state or territory, state and territory figures may not sum to the national figure.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client Collection; ABS 2007a

Table A3: SAAP Indigenous accompanying children: selected measures by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Total	
									%	Number	
Total Indigenous accompanying children (number)	4,600	1,900	3,350	3,850	2,050	350	200	1,550	. .	17,700	
Total Indigenous accompanying children (row %)	26.0	10.8	19.0	21.7	11.6	2.0	1.2	8.8	. .	. .	
Sex and age											
Male 											
0–4 years	46.6	44.0	45.1	53.8	47.7	51.0	49.3	51.8	48.1	4,100	
5–9 years	29.0	27.0	31.4	31.3	28.1	23.5	26.0	29.4	29.5	2,550	
10–14 years	20.2	22.5	19.4	12.8	19.1	17.7	19.8	14.3	18.1	1,550	
15–17 years	4.1	6.4	4.1	2.1	5.1	7.8	4.8	4.5	4.2	350	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	26.6	10.6	19.1	20.5	12.2	2.2	1.3	8.8	. .	. .	
Total (number)	2,300	900	1,650	1,750	1,050	200	100	750	. .	8,550	
Female 											
0–4 years	47.4	46.4	43.4	46.9	43.1	38.7	47.2	51.5	46.2	4,200	
5–9 years	27.4	25.5	29.3	29.7	29.6	33.6	18.2	27.1	28.3	2,600	
10–14 years	20.1	22.7	22.1	18.7	20.4	20.9	27.1	16.9	20.3	1,850	
15–17 years	5.1	5.4	5.2	4.6	6.9	6.8	7.5	4.5	5.3	500	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	25.5	11.0	18.9	22.9	11.1	1.8	1.0	8.7	. .	. .	
Total (number)	2,350	1,000	1,750	2,100	1,000	150	100	800	. .	9,150	
Mean age	5.9	6.2	6.1	5.4	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.3	. .	5.8	
Male	5.8	6.3	5.9	4.9	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.3	. .	5.6	
Female	5.9	6.1	6.3	5.9	6.2	6.5	6.2	5.4	. .	6.0	
Median age	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	4	. .	5	
Male 	5	6	5	4	5	4	5	4	. .	5	
Female	5	5	5	5	6	6	5	4	. .	5	
Mean number of accompanying 
child support periods 
per accompanying child	1.43	1.57	1.28	1.51	1.54	1.27	1.14	1.32	. .	1.45	
Male	1.43	1.58	1.27	1.51	1.56	1.28	1.17	1.34	. .	1.45	
Female	1.43	1.57	1.28	1.51	1.52	1.26	1.10	1.29	. .	1.44	
Per 10,000 population 0–17 years(a)	690	1,433	502	1,146	1,839	479	1,197	568	. .	775	
Male	661	1,350	478	1,014	1,834	494	1,290	540	. .	731	
Female	721	1,517	526	1,286	1,843	462	1,100	597	. .	821	
(a)	‘Per 10,000 population 0–17 years’ shows how many Indigenous children out of every 10,000 Indigenous children aged 0–17 years in the population became SAAP accompanying children. The rates are estimated by comparing the number of SAAP accompanying children with the designated estimated resident population as at 30 June 2006 (preliminary estimates).
Notes
1.	When interpreting this table note that there were 3,506 accompanying children nationally (weighted) for whom ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.  
2.	The number of accompanying children within a state or territory relates to the first visit for a child in that state or territory. Since a client with accompanying children may have had support periods in more than one state or territory, state and territory figures may not sum to the national figure.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client Collection; ABS 2007a; ABS unpublished data.

Table A4: SAAP non-Indigenous accompanying children: selected measures by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Total	
									%	Number	
Total non-Indigenous accompanying children (number)	11,150	17,700	7,200	2,250	6,900	1,700	1,000	400	. .	47,850	
Total non-Indigenous accompanying children (row %)	23.3	37.0	15.0	4.8	14.4	3.6	2.1	0.8	. .	. .	
Sex and age											
Male 											
0–4 years	46.5	42.5	44.1	46.1	45.3	41.2	47.8	52.1	44.3	10,650	
5–9 years	28.0	27.5	30.9	31.2	26.9	28.6	28.5	25.5	28.2	6,800	
10–14 years	20.2	22.8	19.5	18.4	20.9	22.3	17.7	18.8	21.1	5,100	
15–17 years	5.3	7.2	5.5	4.3	6.9	7.9	6.0	3.6	6.4	1,550	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	22.9	37.2	15.1	4.9	14.5	3.5	2.0	0.8	. .	. .	
Total (number)	5,500	8,950	3,650	1,150	3,500	850	500	200	. .	24,050	
Female 											
0–4 years	44.1	41.9	44.4	44.9	44.2	49.2	48.5	46.2	43.7	10,400	
5–9 years	29.2	28.0	29.1	28.6	28.3	24.2	25.3	25.6	28.3	6,750	
10–14 years	20.1	22.7	20.8	20.7	20.7	20.8	19.2	21.0	21.2	5,050	
15–17 years	6.6	7.5	5.7	5.8	6.9	5.8	7.0	7.2	6.8	1,600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	23.7	36.8	14.9	4.6	14.3	3.7	2.2	0.8	. .	. .	
Total (number)	5,650	8,750	3,550	1,100	3,400	850	500	200	. .	23,800	
Mean age	6.1	6.5	6.1	5.9	6.3	6.3	5.8	5.8	. .	6.3	
Male	6.0	6.5	6.1	5.8	6.3	6.6	5.8	5.4	. .	6.3	
Female	6.2	6.6	6.1	6.0	6.3	6.0	5.8	6.2	. .	6.3	
Median age	5	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	. .	5	
Male	5	6	5	5	5	6	5	4	. .	5	
Female	5	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	. .	5	
Mean number of accompanying 
child support periods 
per accompanying child	1.32	1.57	1.26	1.45	1.44	1.22	1.22	1.28	. .	1.44	
Male	1.32	1.58	1.27	1.47	1.43	1.22	1.23	1.30	. .	1.44	
Female	1.33	1.56	1.26	1.44	1.45	1.22	1.21	1.25	. .	1.43	
Per 10,000 population 0–17 years(a)	72	152	76	49	204	155	135	119	. .	102	
Male	70	149	75	49	201	147	129	115	. .	100	
Female	75	154	77	49	206	163	142	123	. .	105	
(a)	‘Per 10,000 population 0–17 years’ shows how many non-Indigenous children out of every 10,000 non-Indigenous children aged 0–17 years in the population became SAAP accompanying children. The rates are estimated by comparing the number of SAAP accompanying children with the designated estimated resident population as at 30 June 2006 (preliminary estimates).
Notes
1.	When interpreting this table note that there were 3,506 accompanying children nationally (weighted) for whom ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
2.	The number of accompanying children within a state or territory relates to the first visit for a child in that state or territory. Since a client with accompanying children may have had support periods in more than one state or territory, state and territory figures may not sum to the national figure.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client Collection; ABS 2007a; ABS unpublished data.

Table A5: SAAP clients: Indigenous status, by number of support periods per client and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Number of support periods	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		            Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
1	75.6	70.8	76.4	69.8	64.8	76.0	81.9	73.2	72.1	14,500	
2	13.7	14.5	15.4	17.0	15.7	13.5	11.7	15.1	15.1	3,050	
3+	10.7	14.6	8.2	13.2	19.5	10.5	6.4	11.7	12.8	2,550	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	27.3	10.0	20.4	17.4	11.4	2.3	1.2	10.2	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	5,600	2,050	4,200	3,550	2,350	450	250	2,100	. .	20,100	
Non-Indigenous	
1	73.7	70.6	77.2	79.1	73.2	76.0	78.5	78.0	73.0	65,550	
2	14.6	14.9	14.4	13.5	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.7	13,200	
3+	11.7	14.4	8.4	7.4	11.9	9.0	6.6	7.1	12.3	11,050	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	26.8	33.2	15.3	7.4	10.2	4.3	1.7	1.2	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	24,700	30,700	14,100	6,850	9,400	3,950	1,550	1,100	. .	89,800	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 8,911 clients.
2.	The number of clients within a state or territory relates to the first visit for a client in that state or territory. Since a client may have had support periods in more than one state or territory, state and territory figures may not sum to the national figure.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A6: SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by primary target group of agency and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Primary target group 
of agency	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		          Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
Young people	29.3	17.7	20.6	9.8	12.6	15.6	43.1	21.8	19.9	6,800	
Single men only	9.4	2.0	7.1	1.7	5.3	8.1	9.4	2.4	5.6	1,900	
Single women only	2.8	3.2	1.4	1.0	1.6	—	2.7	7.0	2.5	850	
Families	6.0	4.8	13.7	3.4	10.4	—	22.0	4.6	7.3	2,500	
Women escaping domestic violence	29.7	24.4	24.9	68.0	40.5	0.6	16.8	48.1	37.4	12,750	
Cross-target/multiple/general	22.8	47.9	32.2	16.1	29.6	75.8	6.1	16.1	27.4	9,350	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	27.3	11.0	18.3	17.6	13.3	2.2	0.9	9.5	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	9,300	3,750	6,250	6,000	4,500	750	300	3,250	. .	34,150	
Non-Indigenous	
Young people	26.8	14.8	20.3	18.7	22.6	9.1	27.3	29.9	19.8	31,050	
Single men only	24.5	3.6	19.5	10.9	13.1	9.0	18.8	19.6	13.1	20,550	
Single women only	3.6	3.9	2.7	2.7	2.6	—	3.8	7.8	3.4	5,300	
Families	4.9	5.6	12.1	3.1	13.0	—	27.6	3.0	6.9	10,750	
Women escaping domestic violence	23.4	20.5	14.8	24.6	32.9	1.0	12.6	12.9	21.1	33,100	
Cross-target/multiple/general	16.9	51.5	30.6	40.0	15.8	80.9	9.9	26.7	35.8	56,250	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	26.5	39.1	13.0	6.2	9.4	3.6	1.4	0.9	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	41,600	61,350	20,450	9,650	14,700	5,600	2,150	1,500	. .	157,000	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions in ‘Indigenous status’ (weighted): 16,560 support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Sources: SAAP Client and Administrative Data Collections.

Table A7: SAAP accompanying child support periods: Indigenous status, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
										       Total	
Indigenous status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	%	Number	
Indigenous 	30.9	9.7	32.1	63.8	24.4	18.4	15.8	79.8	27.1	25,600	
Non-Indigenous	69.1	90.3	67.9	36.2	75.6	81.6	84.2	20.2	72.9	68,700	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	22.7	32.7	14.2	9.6	13.9	2.7	1.6	2.7	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	21,350	30,800	13,350	9,100	13,100	2,550	1,450	2,550	. .	94,300	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions in ‘Indigenous status’ (weighted): 4,750 accompanying child support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A8: SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by region and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Region	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas(a)	ACT	NT(b)		         Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
Major City	43.1	59.7	30.3	35.0	37.1	—	100.0	—	35.4	10,050	
Inner Regional	36.0	23.5	16.2	4.5	2.4	88.2	—	—	17.7	5,000	
Outer Regional	14.1	16.7	40.9	11.7	17.6	11.5	—	27.4	20.6	5,850	
Remote	5.2	0.1	6.5	19.2	24.1	—	—	18.8	11.4	3,200	
Very Remote	1.6	—	6.0	29.6	18.7	—	—	53.8	15.0	4,250	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	25.5	10.4	18.6	18.0	14.3	2.2	1.0	10.1	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	7,250	2,950	5,250	5,100	4,050	600	300	2,850	. .	28,350	
Non-Indigenous	
Major City	71.3	79.1	59.6	79.3	83.2	—	100.0	—	71.4	89,850	
Inner Regional	22.7	16.7	21.1	9.5	4.7	90.4	—	—	19.5	24,500	
Outer Regional	5.7	4.2	17.1	8.2	9.3	9.3	—	65.5	7.8	9,850	
Remote	0.2	0.1	1.1	2.5	2.4	0.4	—	19.9	0.8	1,050	
Very Remote	—	—	1.1	0.5	0.4	—	—	14.6	0.4	500	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	26.3	37.9	13.5	6.6	9.6	3.6	1.5	1.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	33,100	47,600	17,000	8,250	12,000	4,500	1,850	1,300	. .	125,750	
(a)	Hobart is classified as Inner Regional.
(b)	Darwin is classified as Outer Regional.
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (unweighted): 13,876 support periods.
2.	‘Region’ in this report is based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Structure (ABS 2007b). SAAP agencies are categorised based on the postcode supplied by the relevant state or territory community services department. Please note that this postcode forms part of the mailing address of the agency and may not match the actual location of the agency. For more information please see ‘Region’ in Appendix 2.
3.	To ensure confidentiality, some cells in this table have been removed. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
4.	Unweighted data. Figures could not be weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent at the remoteness level. Note that only those records for which consent was obtained were included in this table. 
Sources: SAAP Client and Administrative Data Collections, AIHW 2008a. 

Table A9: SAAP accompanying child support periods: Indigenous status, by region and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Region	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas(a)	ACT	NT(b)		        Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
Major City	39.7	51.5	29.0	34.8	56.0	—	100.0	—	36.8	8,250	
Inner Regional	40.9	31.9	17.1	6.7	2.9	90.9	—	—	19.4	4,350	
Outer Regional	16.2	16.4	41.6	14.8	16.1	8.9	—	27.3	21.1	4,700	
Remote	2.5	0.2	5.2	16.0	19.8	—	—	24.4	10.1	2,250	
Very Remote	0.7	—	7.1	27.6	5.2	—	—	48.2	12.6	2,800	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	23.3	10.1	18.3	23.7	14.0	1.7	1.0	8.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	5,200	2,250	4,100	5,300	3,100	400	200	1,800	. .	22,350	
Non-Indigenous	
Major City	61.6	72.4	49.1	73.4	85.2	—	100.0	—	66.6	37,100	
Inner Regional	29.7	23.5	26.2	12.7	4.5	87.3	—	—	23.2	12,900	
Outer Regional	8.3	4.1	23.2	9.5	8.4	12.0	—	67.6	9.1	5,050	
Remote	0.3	0.1	1.3	3.6	1.7	0.6	—	13.7	0.8	450	
Very Remote	—	—	0.3	0.9	0.1	—	—	18.7	0.3	150	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	21.5	39.6	13.2	4.7	15.1	3.2	1.8	0.8	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	11,950	22,050	7,350	2,650	8,400	1,750	1,050	450	. .	55,650	
(a)	Hobart is classified as Inner Regional.
(b)	Darwin is classified as Outer Regional.
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (unweighted): 6,336 accompanying child support periods.
2.	‘Region’ in this report is based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Structure (ABS 2007b). SAAP agencies are categorised based on the postcode supplied by the relevant state or territory community services department. Please note that this postcode forms part of the agency mailing address and may not match the actual location of the agency. For more information please see ‘Region’ in Appendix 2. 
3.	To ensure confidentiality, some cells in this table have been removed. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
4.	Unweighted data. Figures could not be weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent at the remoteness level. Note that only those records for which consent was obtained were included in this table. 
Sources: SAAP Client and Administrative Data Collections, AIHW 2008a. 

Table A10: SAAP support periods: main reason for seeking assistance for Indigenous clients, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Main reason for seeking assistance (Indigenous clients)	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		Total	
									%	Number	
Interpersonal relationships											
Time out from family/other situation	9.3	7.5	15.0	9.7	23.3	5.9	8.7	10.3	12.1	3,950	
Relationship/family breakdown	9.6	8.7	8.0	5.1	6.2	20.1	14.5	5.8	7.9	2,550	
Interpersonal conflict	2.9	2.0	1.8	2.2	1.9	5.1	2.0	1.8	2.3	750	
Sexual abuse	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.7	1.3	2.1	*	0.6	0.7	250	
Domestic/family violence	20.3	28.8	17.8	42.4	34.8	7.9	19.1	44.1	28.8	9,400	
Physical/emotional abuse	1.4	1.1	1.1	2.9	1.7	2.1	3.1	2.6	1.8	600	
Financial											
Budgeting problems	1.9	4.3	5.1	2.1	0.6	2.7	1.5	2.9	2.7	900	
Rent too high	0.5	0.7	1.2	0.2	*	*	*	0.7	0.5	150	
Other financial difficulty(a)	5.2	8.2	7.0	9.6	1.2	5.9	2.8	6.7	6.2	2,050	
Accommodation											
Overcrowding issues	4.6	5.8	5.6	3.1	3.8	4.4	6.3	3.6	4.5	1,450	
Eviction/asked to leave	6.0	7.2	6.6	2.7	4.5	11.3	6.1	1.0	5.1	1,650	
Emergency accommodation ended	2.5	2.4	4.1	0.8	0.7	1.8	4.8	0.7	2.1	700	
Previous accommodation ended	4.0	5.5	4.1	2.6	3.9	8.2	5.8	3.0	3.9	1,300	
Health											
Mental health issues	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.3	*	2.1	1.4	0.5	0.8	250	
Problematic drug/alcohol/
substance use	11.1	3.4	5.9	1.4	1.2	4.0	4.8	2.4	5.2	1,700	
Other health issues(b)	1.4	1.5	2.4	1.3	1.4	*	*	1.3	1.6	500	
Other reasons											
Recently left institution	2.1	1.0	1.6	0.9	1.3	3.0	1.5	0.6	1.4	450	
Recent arrival to area with no means of support	2.9	2.1	5.7	2.6	4.3	4.0	6.7	2.8	3.5	1,150	
Itinerant	2.3	3.4	2.5	2.1	3.8	4.8	4.4	3.8	2.9	950	
Other(c)	10.2	5.1	3.1	7.2	3.4	3.1	4.5	4.6	6.2	2,000	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	8,850	3,650	5,650	5,850	4,350	700	300	3,200	. .	32,600	
(a)	‘Other financial difficulty’ includes the category ‘Gambling’.
(b)	‘Other health issues’ includes the category ‘Psychiatric illness’.
(c)	‘Other’ includes the category ‘Gay/lesbian/transgender issues’.
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 1,550 support periods.
2.	When interpreting this table note that there were 16,560 support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known. 
3.	To ensure confidentiality, some categories in this table have been combined. Additionally, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
4.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A11: SAAP support periods: main reason for seeking assistance for non-Indigenous clients, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Main reason for seeking assistance 
(non-Indigenous clients)	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		        Total	
									%	Number	
Interpersonal relationships											
Time out from family/other situation	6.4	8.2	9.0	5.3	5.0	5.4	6.9	8.0	7.2	10,900	
Relationship/family breakdown	10.4	9.3	10.2	10.7	13.3	19.2	16.8	11.3	10.6	16,100	
Interpersonal conflict	3.4	2.3	2.9	2.4	3.5	5.0	4.8	4.9	2.9	4,450	
Sexual abuse	0.7	0.3	0.5	0.4	1.0	1.8	0.7	0.6	0.6	850	
Domestic/family violence	21.1	23.9	14.9	22.8	31.2	8.9	15.5	14.0	21.9	33,150	
Physical/emotional abuse	1.5	1.1	1.7	1.0	2.0	1.6	2.2	1.9	1.4	2,100	
Financial											
Budgeting problems	4.4	4.5	6.3	6.0	1.3	3.0	1.5	3.7	4.4	6,600	
Rent too high	0.7	0.9	1.5	0.8	0.6	1.8	2.5	2.6	1.0	1,450	
Other financial difficulty(a)	5.8	11.5	9.2	4.2	2.5	8.0	3.1	11.5	8.2	12,350	
Accommodation											
Overcrowding issues	1.6	2.6	2.3	1.4	2.0	3.7	6.1	2.4	2.2	3,350	
Eviction/asked to leave	5.3	7.5	9.3	6.0	9.0	10.4	9.4	4.4	7.3	11,050	
Emergency accommodation ended	4.0	2.7	5.9	2.3	1.6	1.4	2.1	1.5	3.2	4,900	
Previous accommodation ended	3.8	6.6	5.5	6.3	7.1	8.7	4.0	9.4	5.8	8,800	
Health											
Mental health issues	2.6	1.5	2.2	1.9	1.7	2.6	3.5	1.6	2.0	3,000	
Problematic drug/alcohol/
substance use	14.4	2.4	4.4	5.5	2.8	2.7	3.7	3.2	6.1	9,150	
Other health issues(b)	2.3	2.0	2.3	1.2	1.0	1.7	2.8	2.0	2.0	2,950	
Other reasons											
Recently left institution	1.5	0.8	1.0	1.3	1.8	2.0	1.5	1.3	1.2	1,800	
Recent arrival to area with no means of support	2.8	1.6	6.1	4.7	5.1	4.4	3.4	7.6	3.2	4,800	
Itinerant	2.3	2.0	2.6	2.4	3.6	4.3	2.5	3.2	2.4	3,650	
Other(c)	5.1	8.4	2.2	13.4	4.1	3.3	7.0	4.8	6.4	9,700	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	39,650	60,000	18,800	9,450	14,300	5,500	2,100	1,450	. .	151,250	
(a)	‘Other financial difficulty’ includes the category ‘Gambling’.
(b)	‘Other health issues’ includes the category ‘Psychiatric illness’.
(c)	‘Other’ includes the category ‘Gay/lesbian/transgender issues’.
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 5,753 support periods.
2.	When interpreting this table note that there were 16,560 support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.  
3.	To ensure confidentiality, some categories in this table have been combined.
4.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A12: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by support periods with or without accommodation and state or territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		          Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
Accommodated	47.0	24.3	53.6	76.3	42.0	51.0	64.0	66.2	52.5	15,750	
Not accommodated	53.0	75.7	46.4	23.7	58.0	49.0	36.0	33.8	47.5	14,200	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	7,800	3,300	5,650	5,400	3,950	650	250	3,000	. .	29,950	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodated	49.8	20.1	54.4	69.9	36.0	41.0	59.3	65.1	38.0	50,850	
Not accommodated	50.2	79.9	45.6	30.1	64.0	59.0	40.7	34.9	62.0	83,100	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	34,550	55,200	17,800	6,850	11,750	4,850	1,700	1,250	. .	133,950	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 14,174 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A13: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by length of support and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent) 
Length of support	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		          Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
1 week or less	49.4	46.7	50.3	64.6	45.2	26.8	27.5	62.8	52.1	15,600	
>1–4 weeks	18.2	14.4	19.9	19.4	27.8	15.9	18.7	17.0	19.4	5,800	
>4–26 weeks	26.1	28.6	24.3	11.9	20.7	54.1	36.7	17.2	22.6	6,750	
>26 weeks	6.3	10.4	5.5	4.1	6.3	3.2	17.1	3.1	5.9	1,750	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	26.1	10.9	18.8	18.1	13.2	2.1	0.8	10.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	7,800	3,300	5,650	5,400	3,950	650	250	3,000	. .	29,950	
Mean length (days)	49	76	47	31	44	63	128	31	. .	47	
Median length (days)	8	11	7	3	12	32	31	4	. .	7	
Non-Indigenous	
1 week or less	45.7	56.4	40.5	41.5	43.6	21.4	21.6	33.2	47.7	63,900	
>1–4 weeks	18.2	13.6	22.1	24.7	17.3	15.5	21.6	26.1	17.1	22,900	
>4–26 weeks	28.1	23.6	30.3	27.3	29.2	57.5	39.3	34.3	27.9	37,300	
>26 weeks	7.9	6.5	7.1	6.6	9.9	5.6	17.5	6.4	7.3	9,850	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	25.8	41.2	13.3	5.1	8.8	3.6	1.3	0.9	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	34,550	55,200	17,800	6,850	11,750	4,850	1,700	1,250	. .	133,950	
Mean length (days)	60	46	53	51	68	61	107	55	. .	54	
Median length (days)	11	3	14	13	12	36	40	17	. .	9	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 14,174 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A14: SAAP closed support periods for Indigenous clients: length of support, by sex and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Length of support	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		           Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous males	
1 week or less	48.5	53.1	50.7	51.2	35.9	39.3	15.4	27.6	46.8	3,750	
>1–4 weeks	22.2	13.8	19.9	24.3	34.3	13.3	24.5	19.7	21.6	1,700	
>4–26 weeks	24.0	23.1	24.3	17.9	21.9	44.7	38.9	43.4	25.0	2,000	
>26 weeks	5.4	9.9	5.1	6.6	7.9	2.7	21.3	9.2	6.5	500	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	33.7	13.2	25.5	7.0	11.6	3.9	1.0	4.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	2,700	1,050	2,050	550	900	300	100	300	. .	7,950	
Mean length (days)	47	87	48	52	54	69	120	70	. .	56	
Median length (days)	8	6	7	7	14	25	53	31	. .	9	
Indigenous females	
1 week or less	49.8	43.6	50.2	66.1	48.0	15.0	33.1	67.1	54.0	11,900	
>1–4 weeks	16.1	14.6	19.9	18.9	25.8	18.4	16.0	16.6	18.6	4,100	
>4–26 weeks	27.3	31.1	24.3	11.3	20.4	63.0	35.7	14.0	21.7	4,750	
>26 weeks	6.8	10.6	5.6	3.8	5.8	3.6	15.1	2.3	5.7	1,250	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	23.3	10.1	16.4	22.1	13.7	1.5	0.8	12.1	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	5,100	2,200	3,600	4,850	3,000	350	150	2,650	. .	22,000	
Mean length (days)	50	71	46	29	41	57	131	26	. .	44	
Median length (days)	8	14	7	3	9	40	29	3	. .	6	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 0 closed support periods. 
2.	When interpreting this table note that there were 14,174 closed support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.  
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A15: SAAP closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients: length of support, by sex and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Length of support	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		          Total	
									%	Number	
Non-Indigenous males	
1 week or less	48.6	65.6	44.6	47.9	43.7	26.9	25.2	31.3	52.8	32,600	
>1–4 weeks	20.8	12.7	23.6	26.7	21.4	16.6	24.4	28.1	18.5	11,400	
>4–26 weeks	23.7	17.4	27.2	21.2	24.7	52.0	36.3	34.4	23.1	14,300	
>26 weeks	6.9	4.2	4.5	4.2	10.2	4.5	14.1	6.1	5.6	3,450	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	27.3	38.5	15.9	5.2	7.0	3.9	1.2	1.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	16,850	23,750	9,800	3,200	4,300	2,400	700	650	. .	61,700	
Mean length (days)	52	33	40	40	69	52	97	54	. .	44	
Median length (days)	8	< 1	10	8	11	31	29	16	. .	6	
Non-Indigenous females	
1 week or less	43.0	49.4	35.4	35.8	43.6	15.9	19.0	35.1	43.3	31,300	
>1–4 weeks	15.7	14.3	20.2	22.9	14.9	14.5	19.4	24.0	15.9	11,500	
>4–26 weeks	32.3	28.2	34.1	32.6	31.8	62.9	41.5	34.2	31.9	23,050	
>26 weeks	8.9	8.1	10.2	8.7	9.7	6.7	20.0	6.7	8.9	6,400	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	24.5	43.5	11.1	5.1	10.3	3.4	1.3	0.9	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	17,700	31,400	8,050	3,650	7,400	2,450	950	600	. .	72,250	
Mean length (days)	67	56	69	61	67	71	115	56	. .	63	
Median length (days)	14	8	21	18	14	41	50	18	. .	14	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 0 closed support periods. 
2.	When interpreting this table note that there were 14,174 closed support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.  
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A16: SAAP closed support periods in which clients were accommodated: Indigenous status, by length of accommodation and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Length of Accommodation 	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
1 week or less(a)	50.0	32.5	53.3	76.3	36.2	54.5	25.5	73.9	57.9	8,400	
>1–4 weeks	24.1	21.7	21.4	14.7	41.4	23.0	27.1	15.9	21.9	3,200	
>4–26 weeks	20.4	33.3	21.3	6.6	16.3	*	36.7	8.6	15.9	2,300	
>26 weeks	5.5	12.5	4.0	2.3	6.1	*	10.7	1.7	4.3	600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (%)	22.9	4.7	19.7	26.2	11.1	2.1	1.0	12.2	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	3,350	700	2,850	3,800	1,600	300	150	1,750	. .	14,500	
Mean length (days)	40	72	34	18	39	20	69	17	. .	32	
Median length (days)	8	20	6	3	14	7	23	3	. .	5	
Accommodation starting and ending on the same date (number)	250	50	150	300	50	<25	<25	150	. .	900	
Total support periods with accommodation (number)	3,550	700	3,000	4,100	1,650	300	150	1,950	. .	15,400	
Non-Indigenous	
1 week or less(a)	42.5	27.3	37.2	47.9	46.8	49.2	27.1	37.4	39.1	18,100	
>1–4 weeks	25.1	24.9	28.1	28.1	28.0	24.1	30.2	29.6	26.4	12,200	
>4–26 weeks	26.0	34.0	29.1	20.1	16.6	22.0	29.6	25.5	26.7	12,350	
>26 weeks	6.4	13.8	5.7	3.9	8.6	4.7	13.1	7.5	7.8	3,600	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (%)	33.2	20.3	20.2	10.1	8.8	4.0	2.1	1.3	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	15,350	9,400	9,350	4,650	4,050	1,850	1,000	600	. .	46,250	
Mean length (days)	51	87	46	36	51	38	77	54	. .	56	
Median length (days)	12	26	14	8	9	8	21	12	. .	13	
Accommodation starting and ending on the same date (number)	1,550	850	200	100	100	100	<25	50	. .	3,000	
Total support periods with accommodation (number)	16,900	10,200	9,550	4,750	4,150	1,950	1,000	650	. .	49,250	
(a)	Percentages, total numbers, means and medians exclude accommodation that started and ended on the same date.
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 4,447 closed support periods. 
2.	To ensure confidentiality, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A17: SAAP closed support periods for Indigenous clients: services required, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent of closed support periods)
Type of service	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		Total	
									%	Number	
Housing/accommodation	72.7	62.6	72.6	83.9	65.7	77.7	85.9	75.8	73.2	21,400	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	51.7	33.2	59.9	78.3	51.7	54.3	67.9	70.3	58.1	16,950	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain short-term accommodation	15.1	18.4	12.3	5.9	12.0	16.5	12.6	3.9	11.8	3,450	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain medium-term accommodation	12.1	14.0	7.9	3.5	4.9	7.1	22.0	2.8	8.1	2,350	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain independent housing	29.1	31.3	18.5	12.1	10.5	33.4	48.4	16.4	20.8	6,100	
Financial/employment	40.8	50.2	36.1	34.0	17.9	41.8	57.6	45.6	37.3	10,900	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain government allowance	11.4	9.3	8.8	8.4	4.9	5.6	16.5	10.3	9.1	2,650	
Employment and training assistance	8.1	6.3	5.0	2.3	2.2	4.4	18.2	2.2	4.9	1,450	
Financial assistance/material aid	30.5	43.7	30.4	29.2	13.8	33.9	42.4	39.8	30.6	8,950	
Financial counselling and support	9.9	11.4	8.0	4.8	5.1	8.8	15.3	13.8	8.6	2,500	
Personal support	61.8	61.8	50.2	52.3	51.3	62.7	68.8	71.6	57.6	16,850	
Incest/sexual assault	1.7	3.0	1.4	1.1	1.3	2.4	5.7	0.8	1.6	450	
Domestic/family violence	19.6	31.4	15.3	20.6	28.5	7.2	24.1	36.2	22.9	6,700	
Family/relationship	19.1	17.5	15.6	7.7	9.2	12.5	33.0	18.5	14.8	4,300	
Emotional support	57.5	52.2	44.9	45.2	32.7	60.2	59.8	64.8	49.9	14,550	
Assistance with problem gambling	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.2	1.1	—	—	0.5	150	
General support/advocacy	82.8	81.8	65.9	55.9	67.7	83.8	72.4	72.2	71.6	20,900	
Living skills/personal development	21.2	17.2	18.7	6.7	7.8	21.3	39.5	21.0	16.0	4,650	
Assistance with legal issues/
court support	11.5	12.2	5.2	6.8	15.7	4.2	11.8	20.3	10.9	3,150	
Advice/information	74.6	73.2	58.9	49.2	48.1	77.4	61.0	63.8	62.3	18,200	
Retrieval/storage/removal of belongings	19.4	11.2	15.8	6.6	9.2	5.8	27.4	17.4	13.7	4,000	
Advocacy/liaison on behalf of client	44.5	47.8	26.1	24.5	42.6	39.7	47.3	40.4	37.1	10,850	
Specialist services	36.2	35.2	26.4	34.3	22.7	16.2	43.8	40.7	32.3	9,400	
Psychological/psychiatric services	4.7	10.8	3.4	1.3	1.8	5.9	9.2	12.1	4.9	1,450	
Specialist counselling	7.1	7.8	4.5	2.4	10.6	3.6	10.4	2.2	5.8	1,700	
Pregnancy/family planning support	3.8	3.3	2.4	1.8	1.5	1.5	9.0	1.3	2.6	750	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	12.6	10.5	5.6	3.3	3.0	6.0	14.3	6.1	7.3	2,150	
Physical/intellectual disability services	0.5	0.9	0.4	0.3	0.3	*	*	0.3	0.4	150	
Culturally specific services	16.1	16.0	9.8	24.9	7.6	1.0	22.4	23.1	15.8	4,650	
Interpreter services/
assistance with immigration issues	0.3	0.2	0.1	—	0.1	—	*	0.4	0.2	50	
Health/medical services	15.9	14.6	14.0	9.7	7.0	5.1	29.7	18.9	13.3	3,900	
Basic support/other services n.e.s.	63.3	44.5	69.4	81.9	53.0	54.3	63.6	78.5	65.7	19,200	
Meals	49.0	16.5	58.9	61.3	41.1	35.6	49.9	56.7	48.9	14,300	
Laundry/shower facilities	39.8	12.6	55.0	65.5	38.2	29.1	51.0	59.4	45.9	13,400	
Recreation	23.6	10.6	29.7	33.4	4.0	12.4	40.6	36.3	23.6	6,900	
Transport	38.4	26.1	41.6	45.5	17.5	31.9	44.1	55.1	37.7	11,000	
Other	7.4	14.6	4.4	20.9	4.1	10.3	2.1	43.8	13.3	3,900	
No needs recorded	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.6	0.1	0.4	100	
Total (number)	7,700	3,200	5,250	5,350	3,900	650	250	2,900	. .	29,200	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 744 (closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision).
2.	When interpreting this table note that there were 14,174 closed support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
3.	Clients were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
4.	To ensure confidentiality, some categories have been combined. Please refer to Table 6.1 for the complete categories at the national level. Additionally, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
5.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent. 
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A18: SAAP closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients: services required, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent of closed support periods)
Type of service	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		Total	
									%	Number	
Housing/accommodation	71.4	49.9	75.5	82.7	70.7	73.2	90.1	78.8	64.0	83,200	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	55.1	26.6	59.9	71.5	50.7	44.1	68.4	69.8	44.3	57,700	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain short-term accommodation	15.1	15.1	15.6	8.9	17.5	16.3	17.9	6.5	15.0	19,550	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain medium-term accommodation	11.2	11.2	10.1	7.1	10.7	9.5	22.6	8.6	10.9	14,150	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain independent housing	25.2	23.7	26.8	18.5	19.2	37.1	58.9	16.7	24.7	32,100	
Financial/employment	37.0	44.1	45.3	37.5	28.6	42.8	55.6	41.4	40.7	53,000	
Assistance to obtain/
maintain government allowance	11.7	6.9	11.7	13.5	10.1	6.6	16.8	10.9	9.5	12,400	
Employment and training assistance	7.3	5.6	6.3	7.4	4.6	3.7	16.1	5.3	6.2	8,050	
Financial assistance/material aid	26.9	37.8	37.6	28.0	22.0	35.7	47.2	32.1	33.1	43,000	
Financial counselling and support	8.9	9.0	11.5	8.3	9.5	9.5	12.5	18.3	9.5	12,300	
Personal support	61.3	55.2	50.6	60.0	79.2	60.5	73.7	61.3	59.0	76,800	
Incest/sexual assault	2.0	1.5	1.7	1.9	3.4	2.4	3.3	1.2	1.9	2,450	
Domestic/family violence	19.0	22.7	14.5	23.1	34.0	7.3	22.0	12.6	21.0	27,400	
Family/relationship	17.4	12.8	16.6	13.7	16.8	12.4	27.9	12.2	15.0	19,600	
Emotional support	55.8	49.6	45.9	53.3	65.5	57.4	70.7	56.5	52.9	68,850	
Assistance with problem gambling	2.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.4	—	0.8	1,100	
General support/advocacy	80.0	82.3	74.0	74.1	91.4	88.0	82.2	66.6	81.1	105,450	
Living skills/personal development	21.1	17.7	18.8	18.1	17.4	16.2	44.5	22.6	19.0	24,750	
Assistance with legal issues/
court support	13.0	10.8	8.1	10.3	9.0	5.5	13.9	7.9	10.7	13,850	
Advice/information	71.3	75.9	64.8	65.0	88.1	83.4	73.5	61.5	73.9	96,150	
Retrieval/storage/removal of belongings	27.4	8.8	23.4	20.4	24.3	9.0	24.0	23.8	17.8	23,150	
Advocacy/liaison on behalf of client	34.3	40.8	33.2	29.2	39.8	43.0	52.0	27.8	37.5	48,850	
Specialist services	36.6	27.4	28.7	39.1	38.5	14.3	49.8	26.9	31.3	40,750	
Psychological/psychiatric services	7.9	13.3	4.4	6.7	6.5	3.3	12.3	9.5	9.4	12,250	
Specialist counselling	8.0	5.3	5.6	5.5	21.5	4.1	12.6	2.9	7.5	9,800	
Pregnancy/family planning support	2.6	2.0	2.3	1.7	2.9	2.1	12.0	1.2	2.4	3,100	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	14.2	5.2	4.7	13.5	6.2	4.2	12.5	5.3	8.0	10,450	
Physical/intellectual disability services	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	1.5	0.4	0.6	800	
Culturally specific services	5.3	3.5	2.1	10.4	3.1	0.8	4.0	7.1	4.1	5,250	
Interpreter services/
assistance with immigration issues	2.5	2.5	1.6	3.6	1.4	0.5	2.5	0.8	2.2	2,900	
Health/medical services	18.0	10.3	20.3	13.9	11.3	5.1	36.0	9.0	14.0	18,200	
Basic support/other services n.e.s.	60.4	35.4	59.0	68.3	46.8	50.1	65.7	68.9	48.9	63,600	
Meals	48.7	12.8	50.0	49.6	32.8	27.1	48.4	56.8	32.0	41,650	
Laundry/shower facilities	44.2	11.9	46.3	57.6	31.8	22.2	50.4	56.5	30.1	39,200	
Recreation	21.3	9.1	32.5	27.6	10.7	9.7	45.7	50.4	17.3	22,500	
Transport	25.1	14.7	27.3	22.0	18.1	27.0	41.8	37.1	20.7	26,950	
Other	10.6	16.4	4.0	16.1	7.8	11.5	2.6	9.0	12.1	15,700	
No needs recorded	0.4	0.9	1.0	—	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.6	800	
Total (number)	33,600	53,550	16,900	6,800	11,550	4,800	1,650	1,250	. .	130,100	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 3,849 (closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision).
2.	When interpreting this table note that there were 14,174 closed support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
3.	Clients were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
4.	To ensure confidentiality, some categories have been combined. Please refer to Table 6.1 for the complete categories at the national level.
5.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent. 
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A19: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods for Indigenous children: services required, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent of closed accompanying child support periods) 
Type of service	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		Total	
									%	Number	
Accommodation	59.0	57.2	83.6	89.4	56.8	69.4	80.8	76.6	73.6	11,150	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	59.0	57.2	83.6	89.4	56.8	69.4	80.8	76.6	73.6	11,150	
School liaison/child care	52.0	30.8	33.2	24.6	11.4	38.2	22.3	27.3	32.0	4,850	
School liaison/child care	52.0	30.8	33.2	24.6	11.4	38.2	22.3	27.3	32.0	4,850	
Personal support	38.1	23.0	19.3	27.2	9.9	7.3	21.3	10.7	24.5	3,700	
Help with behavioural problems	9.0	13.5	6.9	4.4	5.2	4.1	8.7	2.2	6.5	1,000	
Sexual/physical abuse support	2.5	7.2	2.6	1.2	1.4	—	3.8	1.0	2.2	350	
Skills education/
structured play/skill development	34.9	11.0	14.2	24.4	6.8	4.5	17.6	8.5	20.6	3,100	
General support/advocacy	51.2	50.0	17.4	6.7	66.0	35.0	51.2	32.0	32.0	4,850	
Access arrangements	2.5	6.6	1.2	0.6	2.5	*	3.6	2.1	2.0	300	
Advice/information	38.8	27.2	13.8	4.2	49.4	17.5	27.8	12.9	21.8	3,300	
Advocacy	32.9	39.1	8.9	3.4	36.9	19.0	36.8	28.0	20.7	3,150	
Specialist services	38.4	36.2	18.9	24.8	12.6	10.2	27.2	28.0	27.0	4,100	
Specialist counselling	5.3	9.9	4.8	3.2	1.8	2.5	*	1.1	4.1	600	
Culturally specific services	29.1	27.7	5.2	19.3	7.0	7.3	18.8	11.3	18.0	2,750	
Health/medical services	14.6	13.4	13.2	4.4	6.1	4.3	18.5	17.9	10.5	1,600	
Basic support/other services n.e.s.	77.6	62.4	75.6	87.2	45.1	63.9	65.1	82.3	75.7	11,450	
Meals	57.4	29.9	58.2	76.2	29.1	17.2	27.2	58.7	57.4	8,700	
Showers/hygiene	45.2	24.1	56.4	73.0	23.0	30.8	34.2	60.8	52.5	7,950	
Recreation	51.4	26.2	42.5	46.1	11.4	20.5	27.5	38.5	40.3	6,100	
Transport	63.1	45.7	56.6	52.7	27.7	54.3	34.6	45.8	51.7	7,850	
Other	10.2	13.2	13.3	6.0	6.3	12.3	21.4	40.6	12.4	1,850	
No needs recorded	0.6	—	1.6	0.9	—	—	—	—	0.7	100	
Total (number)	3,650	1,200	2,200	4,650	1,600	200	100	1,500	. .	15,150	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 6,554 (closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 6,230 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	When interpreting this table note that there were 3,705 closed accompanying child support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
3.	Accompanying children were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
4.	To ensure confidentiality, some categories have been combined. Please refer to Table 6.2 for the complete categories at the national level. Additionally, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
5.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A20: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods for non-Indigenous children: services required, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent of closed accompanying child support periods) 
Type of service	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		Total	
									%	Number	
Accommodation	63.7	51.5	79.8	78.6	55.1	64.5	74.2	63.7	61.3	18,200	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	63.7	51.5	79.8	78.6	55.1	64.5	74.2	63.7	61.3	18,200	
School liaison/child care	42.4	21.0	42.6	36.9	12.5	33.6	33.8	28.1	21.1	8,650	
School liaison/child care	42.4	21.0	42.6	36.9	12.5	33.6	33.8	28.1	29.2	8,650	
Personal support	30.9	16.1	24.8	28.2	11.4	9.5	46.8	9.7	21.1	6,250	
Help with behavioural problems	10.8	9.3	9.4	8.1	5.3	5.6	19.6	5.2	9.0	2,650	
Sexual/physical abuse support	2.7	4.1	4.1	4.0	1.6	2.5	5.8	1.2	3.3	1,000	
Skills education/
structured play/skill development	25.2	8.2	18.8	22.7	8.1	5.4	42.8	6.6	15.2	4,500	
General support/advocacy	55.5	49.2	34.8	26.7	76.5	41.2	59.9	38.5	52.2	15,500	
Access arrangements	4.8	5.7	4.7	4.2	3.3	7.6	18.2	6.8	5.1	1,550	
Advice/information	36.1	25.9	26.3	16.8	65.3	27.0	43.9	12.9	35.0	10,400	
Advocacy	41.1	36.3	20.3	13.8	35.1	21.1	41.4	28.9	33.5	9,950	
Specialist services	23.3	16.1	19.7	29.6	7.8	8.0	35.4	22.4	17.9	5,300	
Specialist counselling	7.8	7.1	7.2	9.7	3.3	3.4	8.3	5.8	6.7	2,000	
Culturally specific services	5.1	3.4	1.8	12.3	1.7	2.1	6.0	5.7	3.8	1,150	
Health/medical services	15.4	8.1	13.9	10.7	3.9	6.0	29.9	10.9	10.5	3,100	
Basic support/other services n.e.s.	64.2	54.5	63.5	69.0	33.0	62.2	63.6	58.6	55.6	16,500	
Meals	44.2	24.7	44.2	44.0	17.0	20.7	27.1	31.3	31.9	9,450	
Showers/hygiene	41.5	18.6	38.0	48.1	16.1	28.2	35.8	21.1	28.6	8,500	
Recreation	38.2	17.1	41.1	28.4	13.3	20.7	39.5	17.3	26.0	7,700	
Transport	44.3	26.1	47.7	36.2	15.0	40.5	37.3	22.4	32.7	9,700	
Other	14.3	24.1	17.6	15.8	8.2	13.6	27.1	26.0	17.5	5,200	
No needs recorded	1.7	0.4	0.3	—	0.3	0.4	—	0.6	0.6	200	
Total (number)	7,300	10,050	3,950	1,650	5,100	750	550	300	. .	29,650	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 25,805 (closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 25,107 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	When interpreting this table note that there were 3,705 closed accompanying child support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
3.	Accompanying children were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
4.	To ensure confidentiality, some categories have been combined. Please refer to Table 6.2 for the complete categories at the national level.
5.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection. 

Table A21: SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, by Indigenous status and provision, New South Wales, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	8.6	10.6	19.2		64.4	16.4	80.8	100.0	8,300	5,600	
Financial/employment	9.5	11.6	21.1		59.9	19.0	78.9	100.0	4,600	3,150	
Personal support	4.9	3.2	8.1		84.8	7.1	91.9	100.0	7,600	4,750	
General support/advocacy	2.4	2.3	4.7		86.3	9.0	95.3	100.0	13,150	6,350	
Specialist services	9.9	27.9	37.8		41.0	21.2	62.2	100.0	4,800	2,800	
Basic support and other services	2.1	0.9	3.0		94.0	3.0	97.0	100.0	12,150	4,850	
Total (row %)	5.1	6.7	11.8		77.6	10.6	88.2	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	2,600	3,400	6,000		39,250	5,350	44,600	. . 	50,600	7,650	
Non-Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	4.3	11.2	15.5		72.3	12.2	84.5	100.0	35,800	24,000	
Financial/employment	6.7	13.0	19.7		67.3	13.1	80.4	100.0	18,450	12,400	
Personal support	4.3	3.1	7.4		86.4	6.2	92.6	100.0	32,400	20,600	
General support/advocacy	1.8	1.6	3.4		90.1	6.5	96.6	100.0	56,150	26,900	
Specialist services	10.9	29.1	40.0		44.7	15.3	60.0	100.0	20,700	12,300	
Basic support and other services	1.2	0.6	1.8		96.1	2.2	98.3	100.0	50,400	20,300	
Total (row %)	3.8	6.8	10.6		81.6	7.8	89.4	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	8,050	14,650	22,700		174,550	16,650	191,200	. . 	213,900	33,500	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 3,338 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). 
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A22: SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, by Indigenous status and provision, Victoria, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	9.7	16.0	25.7		62.3	12.0	74.3	100.0	3,100	2,000	
Financial/employment	7.7	15.2	22.9		63.2	14.0	77.2	100.0	2,250	1,600	
Personal support	6.0	5.8	11.8		81.6	6.6	88.2	100.0	3,350	2,000	
General support/advocacy	3.6	2.6	6.2		88.3	5.5	93.8	100.0	5,200	2,600	
Specialist services	16.1	28.8	44.9		43.5	11.6	55.1	100.0	2,100	1,150	
Basic support and other services	3.6	2.2	5.8		91.1	3.0	94.1	100.0	2,600	1,400	
Total (row %)	7.0	9.9	16.8		75.0	8.2	83.2	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	1,300	1,850	3,150	 	13,950	1,500	15,450	. . 	18,600	3,200	
Non-Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	7.2	14.9	22.1		65.1	12.8	77.9	100.0	41,000	26,700	
Financial/employment	5.3	12.4	17.7		68.1	14.2	82.3	100.0	31,750	23,600	
Personal support	3.0	3.5	6.5		87.4	6.0	93.4	100.0	46,500	29,550	
General support/advocacy	2.0	2.1	4.1		90.4	5.6	96.0	100.0	82,450	44,050	
Specialist services	7.9	23.6	31.5		53.5	15.0	68.5	100.0	24,250	14,650	
Basic support and other services	1.5	1.7	3.2		93.3	3.5	96.8	100.0	34,750	18,950	
Total (row %)	3.9	7.6	11.4		80.1	8.4	88.6	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	10,050	19,750	29,800	 	208,950	22,000	230,950	. . 	260,750	53,100	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 12,096 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). 
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A23: SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, by Indigenous status and provision, Queensland, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	7.2	5.6	12.8		78.7	8.5	87.2	100.0	5,200	3,800	
Financial/employment	9.0	7.9	16.9		69.3	13.7	83.0	100.0	2,750	1,900	
Personal support	3.7	2.5	6.2		84.7	9.2	93.9	100.0	4,050	2,650	
General support/advocacy	3.0	1.4	4.4		90.3	5.3	95.6	100.0	6,550	3,450	
Specialist services	7.0	25.5	32.5		51.3	16.2	67.5	100.0	2,150	1,400	
Basic support and other services	0.7	1.0	1.7		97.5	0.9	98.4	100.0	9,950	3,650	
Total (row %)	3.9	4.4	8.2		85.3	6.4	91.8	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	1,200	1,350	2,550		26,150	1,950	28,100	. . 	30,650	5,200	
Non-Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	7.6	5.7	13.3		78.6	8.0	86.6	100.0	19,050	12,750	
Financial/employment	9.4	7.9	17.3		70.7	11.9	82.6	100.0	11,350	7,650	
Personal support	4.5	3.2	7.7		85.3	7.0	92.3	100.0	13,350	8,550	
General support/advocacy	2.7	1.6	4.3		88.9	6.8	95.7	100.0	25,100	12,500	
Specialist services	7.3	26.8	34.1		48.6	17.3	65.9	100.0	7,300	4,850	
Basic support and other services	1.4	0.7	2.1		97.0	0.9	97.9	100.0	27,100	10,000	
Total (row %)	4.6	4.8	9.4		83.8	6.8	90.6	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	4,700	4,950	9,650		86,500	7,050	93,550	. . 	103,200	16,750	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 2,418 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). 
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A24: SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, by Indigenous status and provision, Western Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	2.3	3.0	5.3		88.7	6.0	94.7	100.0	5,350	4,500	
Financial/employment	3.7	6.3	10.0		76.7	13.3	90.0	100.0	2,400	1,800	
Personal support	2.2	1.2	3.4		92.7	3.9	96.6	100.0	4,000	2,800	
General support/advocacy	1.8	1.6	3.4		91.4	5.2	96.6	100.0	5,050	3,000	
Specialist services	5.5	12.7	18.2		72.6	9.2	81.8	100.0	2,350	1,850	
Basic support and other services	1.0	0.1	1.1		98.0	0.9	98.9	100.0	12,150	4,400	
Total (row %)	2.0	2.4	4.4		91.1	4.4	95.6	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	650	750	1,400	 	28,550	1,400	29,950	. . 	31,300	5,350	
Non-Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	3.1	4.0	7.1		86.3	6.6	92.9	100.0	7,200	5,600	
Financial/employment	4.5	7.6	12.1		66.6	21.3	87.9	100.0	3,900	2,550	
Personal support	2.2	1.7	3.9		91.7	4.4	96.1	100.0	6,250	4,050	
General support/advocacy	1.8	1.9	3.7		91.5	4.8	96.3	100.0	9,700	5,050	
Specialist services	5.2	18.0	23.2		63.6	13.3	76.9	100.0	3,850	2,650	
Basic support and other services	1.1	0.2	1.3		97.9	0.8	98.7	100.0	11,750	4,650	
Total (row %)	2.4	3.7	6.2		87.6	6.2	93.8	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	1,050	1,600	2,650	 	37,400	2,650	40,050	. . 	42,650	6,800	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 428 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). 
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A25: SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, by Indigenous status and provision, South Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	7.5	13.5	21.0		68.3	10.7	79.0	100.0	3,100	2,550	
Financial/employment	8.0	14.0	22.0		59.9	18.1	78.0	100.0	1,000	700	
Personal support	3.4	1.5	4.9		90.5	4.6	95.1	100.0	2,800	2,000	
General support/advocacy	1.2	1.3	2.5		88.0	9.5	97.5	100.0	4,800	2,650	
Specialist services	6.6	9.6	16.2		67.5	16.2	83.7	100.0	1,250	900	
Basic support and other services	1.4	2.1	3.5		91.8	4.7	96.5	100.0	4,100	2,050	
Total (row %)	3.5	5.1	8.6		82.6	8.8	91.4	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	600	850	1,450		14,150	1,500	15,650	. . 	17,100	3,900	
Non-Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	10.0	17.5	27.5		60.0	12.5	72.5	100.0	11,350	8,150	
Financial/employment	6.5	14.9	21.4		61.2	17.3	78.5	100.0	5,350	3,300	
Personal support	2.5	0.9	3.4		94.2	2.4	96.6	100.0	13,900	9,150	
General support/advocacy	1.5	1.2	2.7		93.4	4.0	97.4	100.0	20,650	10,550	
Specialist services	7.1	12.5	19.6		68.0	12.4	80.4	100.0	6,300	4,450	
Basic support and other services	1.5	2.6	4.1		94.2	1.7	95.9	100.0	11,700	5,400	
Total (row %)	4.0	6.1	10.1		83.4	6.5	89.9	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	2,750	4,250	7,000		57,750	4,450	62,200	. . 	69,250	11,550	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 785 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision).
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A26: SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, by Indigenous status and provision, Tasmania, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	6.3	5.4	11.7		75.3	13.0	88.3	100.0	700	500	
Financial/employment	8.6	8.3	16.9		72.1	11.0	83.1	100.0	350	250	
Personal support	3.0	4.9	7.9		81.8	10.2	92.0	100.0	550	400	
General support/advocacy	3.9	1.4	5.3		88.7	5.9	94.6	100.0	950	550	
Specialist services	13.7	28.3	42.0		41.1	16.9	58.0	100.0	150	100	
Basic support and other services	3.5	2.2	5.7		92.8	1.5	94.3	100.0	750	350	
Total (row %)	5.1	4.8	9.9		82.0	8.1	90.1	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	150	150	300	 	2,800	300	3,100	. . 	3,450	650	
Non-Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	8.1	6.1	14.2		73.1	12.7	85.8	100.0	5,150	3,500	
Financial/employment	7.3	11.3	18.6		70.9	10.5	81.4	100.0	2,650	2,050	
Personal support	4.6	3.7	8.3		85.3	6.5	91.8	100.0	3,850	2,900	
General support/advocacy	3.0	2.1	5.1		88.6	6.3	94.9	100.0	7,550	4,250	
Specialist services	18.2	32.7	50.9		33.7	15.4	49.1	100.0	1,000	700	
Basic support and other services	1.4	2.9	4.3		94.0	1.6	95.6	100.0	4,700	2,400	
Total (row %)	5.1	5.6	10.6		81.8	7.6	89.4	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	1,250	1,400	2,650	 	20,350	1,900	22,250	. . 	24,900	4,800	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 378 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision).
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A27: SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, by Indigenous status and provision, Australian Capital Territory, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	5.8	4.6	10.4		71.4	18.1	89.5	100.0	350	200	
Financial/employment	3.4	8.9	12.3		63.6	24.1	87.7	100.0	250	150	
Personal support	5.8	2.8	8.6		77.1	14.2	91.3	100.0	300	150	
General support/advocacy	4.9	0.6	5.5		81.7	12.8	94.5	100.0	450	200	
Specialist services	9.1	23.6	32.7		44.1	23.2	67.3	100.0	250	100	
Basic support and other services	1.1	1.0	2.1		96.3	1.6	97.9	100.0	450	150	
Total (row %)	4.7	5.4	10.1		76.0	13.9	89.9	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	100	100	200	 	1,550	300	1,850	. . 	2,050	250	
Non-Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	4.3	8.7	13.0		65.4	21.6	87.0	100.0	2,750	1,500	
Financial/employment	5.1	10.8	15.9		59.9	24.2	84.1	100.0	1,500	900	
Personal support	2.7	4.6	7.3		72.1	20.7	92.8	100.0	2,050	1,200	
General support/advocacy	1.6	2.1	3.7		79.2	17.1	96.3	100.0	3,400	1,350	
Specialist services	9.8	32.0	41.8		25.4	32.7	58.1	100.0	1,650	800	
Basic support and other services	2.1	1.5	3.6		93.7	2.7	96.4	100.0	3,100	1,100	
Total (row %)	3.7	7.9	11.5		70.6	17.9	88.5	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	550	1,150	1,700	 	10,200	2,600	12,800	. . 	14,500	1,650	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 90 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision).  
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A28: SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, by Indigenous status and provision, Northern Territory, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required (number)	Assoc. closed support periods (number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-
total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	6.0	2.5	8.5		81.7	9.8	91.5	100.0	2,700	2,200	
Financial/employment	0.6	5.8	6.4		74.8	18.7	93.5	100.0	1,950	1,350	
Personal support	0.8	3.9	4.7		70.7	24.7	95.4	100.0	3,500	2,100	
General support/advocacy	1.6	3.0	4.6		73.2	22.1	95.3	100.0	4,750	2,100	
Specialist services	1.6	12.8	14.4		35.9	49.8	85.7	100.0	1,900	1,200	
Basic support and other services	0.2	0.1	0.3		98.3	1.5	99.8	100.0	7,300	2,300	
Total (row %)	1.4	3.2	4.6		79.1	16.2	95.4	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	300	700	1,000	 	17,500	3,600	21,100	. . 	22,100	2,900	
Non-Indigenous	
Housing/accommodation	7.2	4.5	11.7		84.3	4.0	88.3	100.0	1,250	950	
Financial/employment	4.3	6.0	10.3		79.2	10.5	89.7	100.0	800	500	
Personal support	2.2	2.6	4.8		84.6	10.6	95.2	100.0	1,000	750	
General support/advocacy	2.7	1.2	3.9		89.8	6.4	96.2	100.0	1,750	800	
Specialist services	4.6	24.9	29.5		44.4	26.1	70.5	100.0	450	350	
Basic support and other services	0.7	0.2	0.9		98.1	1.0	99.1	100.0	2,600	850	
Total (row %)	3.0	3.4	6.4		87.3	6.3	93.6	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	250	250	500	 	6,850	500	7,350	. . 	7,850	1,200	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 157 (including closed support periods with no information on service requirements or provision).
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A29: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, New South Wales, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Accommodation	1.0	7.2	8.2		84.5	7.3	91.8	100.0	2,150	2,150	
School liaison/
child care	2.0	4.5	6.5		72.0	21.5	93.5	100.0	2,500	1,900	
Personal support	3.0	3.5	6.5		87.1	6.5	93.6	100.0	2,050	1,400	
General support/
advocacy	0.6	2.1	2.7		88.7	8.6	97.3	100.0	2,700	1,850	
Specialist services	2.8	12.4	15.2		42.7	42.1	84.8	100.0	1,800	1,400	
Basic support and other services	0.6	0.5	1.1		96.5	2.4	98.9	100.0	8,300	2,850	
Total (%)	1.3	3.4	4.7		85.0	10.3	95.3	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	250	650	900		16,550	2,000	18,550	. .	19,500	3,600	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodation	2.2	12.5	14.7		80.1	5.2	85.3	100.0	4,650	4,650	
School liaison/
child care	3.3	4.5	7.8		83.8	8.4	92.2	100.0	3,600	3,100	
Personal support	4.7	5.4	10.1		79.3	10.6	89.9	100.0	3,550	2,250	
General support/
advocacy	2.0	1.5	3.5		89.3	7.2	96.5	100.0	6,000	4,050	
Specialist services	5.0	30.2	35.2		40.1	24.6	64.7	100.0	2,050	1,700	
Basic support and other services	1.5	0.5	2.0		95.4	2.6	98.0	100.0	13,350	4,700	
Total (%)	2.5	5.1	7.6		85.7	6.7	92.4	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	800	1,700	2,500		28,500	2,200	30,700	. .	33,250	7,200	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 7,153 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 5,981 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A30: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Victoria, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Accommodation	2.0	5.3	7.3		81.4	11.3	92.7	100.0	700	700	
School liaison/
child care	13.0	19.6	32.6		57.3	10.1	67.4	100.0	400	350	
Personal support	40.0	29.0	69.0		20.2	10.9	31.1	100.0	400	300	
General support/
advocacy	5.9	3.4	9.3		84.9	5.7	90.6	100.0	900	600	
Specialist services	18.3	26.8	45.1		49.2	5.7	54.9	100.0	600	450	
Basic support and other services	5.2	3.9	9.1		88.4	2.5	90.9	100.0	1,700	750	
Total (%)	10.3	10.6	20.8		73.0	6.2	79.2	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	500	500	1,000		3,450	300	3,750	. .	4,700	1,200	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodation	1.4	8.0	9.4		76.7	13.9	90.6	100.0	5,200	5,200	
School liaison/
child care	9.1	22.1	31.2		58.0	10.8	68.8	100.0	2,350	2,100	
Personal support	9.1	18.7	27.8		59.2	12.9	72.1	100.0	2,350	1,600	
General support/
advocacy	2.1	5.6	7.7		85.6	6.6	92.2	100.0	6,800	4,950	
Specialist services	9.9	42.1	52.0		34.5	13.5	48.0	100.0	1,850	1,600	
Basic support and other services	1.2	3.2	4.4		88.7	6.9	95.6	100.0	11,150	5,500	
Total (%)	3.2	9.7	13.0		77.8	9.3	87.0	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	950	2,900	3,850		23,050	2,750	25,800	. .	29,650	10,000	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 16,148 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 15,334 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A31: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Queensland, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Accommodation	0.3	0.6	0.9		98.5	0.7	99.2	100.0	1,850	1,850	
School liaison/
child care	1.5	6.9	8.4		81.5	10.1	91.6	100.0	850	750	
Personal support	1.8	7.4	9.2		82.2	8.6	90.8	100.0	550	400	
General support/
advocacy	1.1	1.1	2.2		96.8	0.9	97.7	100.0	500	400	
Specialist services	4.7	19.6	24.3		53.9	21.9	75.8	100.0	500	400	
Basic support and other services	0.6	0.7	1.3		97.9	0.8	98.7	100.0	4,950	1,650	
Total (%)	0.9	2.7	3.6		93.1	3.3	96.4	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	100	250	350		8,600	300	8,900	. .	9,200	2,150	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodation	0.1	0.2	0.3		98.8	0.9	99.7	100.0	3,150	3,150	
School liaison/
child care	1.5	7.0	8.5		74.1	17.4	91.5	100.0	2,000	1,700	
Personal support	3.3	6.4	9.7		81.9	8.4	90.3	100.0	1,450	1,000	
General support/
advocacy	2.2	2.5	4.7		91.2	4.2	95.4	100.0	2,050	1,350	
Specialist services	2.2	26.4	28.6		36.1	35.3	71.4	100.0	900	800	
Basic support and other services	0.5	1.0	1.5		97.5	1.0	98.5	100.0	7,450	2,500	
Total (%)	1.1	3.5	4.6		89.6	5.8	95.4	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	200	600	800		15,200	950	16,150	. .	16,950	3,950	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 4,685 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 4,195 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A32: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Western Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Accommodation	1.0	0.6	1.6		97.3	1.1	98.4	100.0	4,150	4,150	
School liaison/
child care	3.4	5.6	9.0		86.3	4.7	91.0	100.0	1,250	1,150	
Personal support	3.3	2.3	5.6		90.8	3.5	94.3	100.0	1,550	1,250	
General support/
advocacy	2.8	4.4	7.2		86.9	6.0	92.9	100.0	400	300	
Specialist services	7.5	11.2	18.7		74.9	6.4	81.3	100.0	1,250	1,150	
Basic support and other services	0.7	0.2	0.9		98.5	0.6	99.1	100.0	11,750	4,050	
Total (%)	1.6	1.5	3.1		95.2	1.6	96.9	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	350	300	650	 	19,350	350	19,700	. .	20,350	4,600	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodation	0.5	0.4	0.9		98.5	0.6	99.1	100.0	1,300	1,300	
School liaison/
child care	3.5	8.8	12.3		77.8	9.9	87.7	100.0	700	600	
Personal support	3.5	11.1	14.6		75.9	9.5	85.4	100.0	700	450	
General support/
advocacy	2.6	9.3	11.9		83.3	4.7	88.0	100.0	600	450	
Specialist services	1.9	28.3	30.2		48.7	21.1	69.8	100.0	550	500	
Basic support and other services	0.2	0.4	0.6		98.1	1.2	99.3	100.0	2,850	1,150	
Total (%)	1.3	5.4	6.7		88.5	4.8	93.3	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	100	350	450	 	5,900	300	6,200	. .	6,700	1,650	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 1,648 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 1,473 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A33: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, South Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Accommodation	10.9	30.2	41.1		55.3	3.5	58.8	100.0	900	900	
School liaison/
child care	3.8	5.7	9.5		70.4	20.1	90.5	100.0	200	200	
Personal support	6.6	9.8	16.4		68.7	14.9	83.6	100.0	250	150	
General support/
advocacy	0.5	3.4	3.9		92.5	3.6	96.1	100.0	1,450	1,050	
Specialist services	2.2	20.5	22.7		53.9	23.3	77.2	100.0	250	200	
Basic support and other services	1.4	7.1	8.5		85.4	6.2	91.6	100.0	1,600	750	
Total (%)	3.4	11.3	14.7		78.4	6.9	85.3	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	150	550	700	 	3,650	300	3,950	. .	4,650	1,600	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodation	15.9	35.4	51.3		43.2	5.4	48.6	100.0	2,800	2,800	
School liaison/
child care	6.0	6.2	12.2		65.0	22.8	87.8	100.0	700	650	
Personal support	2.5	5.7	8.2		75.3	16.5	91.8	100.0	900	600	
General support/
advocacy	0.4	0.5	0.9		97.1	2.0	99.1	100.0	5,300	3,900	
Specialist services	7.4	25.3	32.7		34.9	32.5	67.4	100.0	450	400	
Basic support and other services	0.2	7.7	7.9		89.3	2.8	92.1	100.0	3,550	1,700	
Total (%)	4.2	11.0	15.2		78.9	5.9	84.8	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	550	1,500	2,050	 	10,800	800	11,600	. .	13,700	5,100	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 4,258 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 3,740 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A34: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Tasmania, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Accommodation	—	—	—		90.9	9.1	100.0	100.0	150	150	
School liaison/
child care	—	1.9	1.9		98.1	—	98.1	100.0	100	100	
Personal support	—	15.2	15.2		84.8	—	84.8	100.0	<25	—	
General support/
advocacy	—	—	—		100.0	—	100.0	100.0	100	50	
Specialist services	—	5.1	5.1		94.9	—	94.9	100.0	50	—	
Basic support and other services	—	2.7	2.7		97.3	—	97.3	100.0	300	150	
Total (%)	—	2.1	2.1		95.8	2.1	97.9	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	—	<25	<25	 	600	<25	600	. .	600	200	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodation	1.0	2.2	3.2		89.7	7.1	96.8	100.0	500	500	
School liaison/
child care	4.2	4.0	8.2		91.8	—	91.8	100.0	300	250	
Personal support	7.5	34.2	41.7		52.6	5.7	58.3	100.0	100	50	
General support/
advocacy	4.9	9.0	13.9		79.5	6.7	86.2	100.0	400	300	
Specialist services	4.0	44.7	48.7		43.3	8.0	51.3	100.0	100	50	
Basic support and other services	0.4	1.6	2.0		95.0	3.1	98.1	100.0	900	450	
Total (%)	2.2	6.4	8.7		86.8	4.5	91.3	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	50	150	200	 	2,000	100	2,100	. .	2,300	750	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 1,415 closed (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 1,245 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A35: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Australian Capital Territory, 
2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Accommodation	—	12.3	12.3		82.0	5.7	87.7	100.0	100	100	
School liaison/
child care	5.7	—	5.7		54.9	39.3	94.2	100.0	50	50	
Personal support	3.9	3.6	7.5		42.2	50.3	92.5	100.0	50	<25	
General support/
advocacy	—	7.3	7.3		70.5	22.2	92.7	100.0	100	50	
Specialist services	3.3	37.7	41.0		35.1	23.9	59.0	100.0	50	50	
Basic support and other services	0.9	—	0.9		83.3	15.8	99.1	100.0	150	50	
Total (%)	1.3	7.9	9.2		70.9	19.9	90.8	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	<25	50	50	 	300	100	400	. .	450	100	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodation	1.5	11.1	12.6		84.9	2.5	87.4	100.0	400	400	
School liaison/
child care	13.7	12.7	26.4		51.0	22.6	73.6	100.0	200	200	
Personal support	4.9	9.3	14.2		43.2	42.6	85.8	100.0	450	250	
General support/
advocacy	3.3	5.7	9.0		52.0	39.0	91.0	100.0	600	350	
Specialist services	5.3	39.3	44.6		16.1	39.3	55.4	100.0	250	200	
Basic support and other services	2.8	1.8	4.6		83.0	12.4	95.4	100.0	950	350	
Total (%)	4.1	9.2	13.3		62.3	24.4	86.7	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	100	250	350	 	1,800	700	2,500	. .	2,850	550	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 424 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 383 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A36: SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Northern Territory, 2006–07 (per cent)
	Not provided		Provided		Distinct services required
(number)	Assoc. closed accompany-ing child support periods
(number)	
Broad type of service 	Neither provided nor referred	Referred only	Sub-total		Provided only	Provided and referred	Sub-
total	Total			
Indigenous	
Accommodation	8.2	0.6	8.8		90.5	0.7	91.2	100.0	1,150	1,150	
School liaison/
child care	0.7	3.0	3.7		92.4	3.8	96.2	100.0	450	400	
Personal support	1.6	3.2	4.8		83.9	11.3	95.2	100.0	200	150	
General support/
advocacy	8.5	0.2	8.7		53.6	37.6	91.2	100.0	650	500	
Specialist services	—	7.2	7.2		80.2	12.7	92.9	100.0	450	450	
Basic support and other services	—	—	—		88.3	11.6	99.9	100.0	3,700	1,250	
Total (%)	2.4	0.9	3.3		84.9	11.8	96.7	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	150	50	200	 	5,650	800	6,450	. .	6,650	1,500	
Non-Indigenous	
Accommodation	2.7	—	2.7		93.0	4.3	97.3	100.0	200	200	
School liaison/
child care	—	3.5	3.5		88.8	7.7	96.5	100.0	100	100	
Personal support	—	8.0	8.0		80.3	11.6	91.9	100.0	50	50	
General support/
advocacy	1.2	2.4	3.6		63.9	32.6	96.5	100.0	150	100	
Specialist services	—	4.4	4.4		77.0	18.5	95.5	100.0	50	50	
Basic support and other services	—	0.4	0.4		82.0	17.6	99.6	100.0	350	150	
Total (%)	0.8	1.6	2.4		81.6	16.0	97.6	100.0	. .	. .	
Total (number)	<25	<25	<25	 	700	150	850	. .	850	300	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 628 (including closed accompanying child support periods with no information on service requirements or provision). In 558 of these, ‘no assistance’ was indicated as required for the accompanying child.
2.	Percentages relate to the number of distinct services required in each broad group.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A37: SAAP closed support periods for Indigenous clients: accommodation before and after support, by state and territory, Australia, 
2006–2007 (per cent)
	NSW		Vic		Qld		WA		SA		Tas		ACT		NT	
	Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After	
Type of house/dwelling																								
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	8.6	4.3		10.2	5.8		14.5	6.0		5.3	2.5		14.1	8.2		14.3	6.8		9.5	*		14.0	7.7	
House/flat	72.0	78.1		64.4	67.1		65.6	71.6		83.1	87.3		71.9	80.3		67.0	76.4		70.0	84.1		77.4	82.2	
Caravan/boarding or rooming house	7.3	7.3		15.0	15.8		7.6	9.9		5.6	4.7		4.0	3.0		10.8	7.2		8.9	*		1.9	2.6	
Hostel/hotel/motel	5.2	4.9		6.7	7.8		7.4	9.2		2.9	3.1		6.0	4.4		4.3	3.7		4.5	7.7		3.4	4.4	
Institutional setting	6.8	5.3		3.7	3.6		4.9	3.4		3.1	2.5		4.1	4.2		3.6	5.9		7.1	4.1		3.3	3.1	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	7,200	5,750		3,050	2,650		5,200	3,900		5,150	4,050		3,450	2,550		600	350		250	200		2,800	1,950	
Type of tenure 																								
SAAP/CAP accommodation	14.9	14.6		17.8	23.8		17.9	18.1		7.7	8.1		8.8	13.5		13.9	10.5		26.6	24.8		4.1	5.8	
Institutional setting	4.9	3.7		3.1	1.8		2.5	1.6		2.1	1.2		3.2	2.4		2.6	2.1		7.2	*		2.1	1.3	
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	7.4	3.7		8.8	4.5		9.3	3.8		4.3	1.9		12.1	8.0		15.8	7.9		8.9	*		12.6	6.5	
Other, no tenure 	2.1	1.3		2.1	0.9		2.2	0.9		0.4	0.4		1.6	0.5		2.8	2.3		*	—		1.3	0.7	
Purchased/purchasing own home	1.1	0.8		0.7	0.9		0.4	0.4		0.8	0.8		0.4	0.4		*	2.2		*	*		0.3	0.5	
Private rental	21.6	26.3		16.9	16.6		19.8	23.7		9.0	8.6		7.8	5.7		23.6	33.8		6.9	10.4		6.6	7.1	
Public housing rental	18.3	22.0		21.6	26.0		11.1	14.6		35.3	36.5		16.4	17.9		13.9	21.6		19.5	37.2		24.7	31.5	
Community housing rental	5.2	7.1		3.7	4.7		8.8	12.5		18.7	20.7		24.7	31.0		*	1.6		*	2.3		30.9	31.9	
Rent-free accommodation	7.9	6.0		8.2	5.4		10.8	7.9		3.6	2.5		9.9	10.0		7.1	4.3		19.0	15.3		9.1	7.6	
Boarding	16.6	14.4		17.1	15.4		17.2	16.5		18.2	19.4		15.1	10.6		17.7	13.8		10.2	6.6		8.2	7.2	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	6,700	5,400		2,850	2,500		4,800	3,550		4,850	3,800		3,250	2,500		550	350		200	150		2,650	1,850	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for type of house/dwelling (weighted): 2,228 closed support periods before support, 8,575 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’). 
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for type of tenure (weighted): 4,106 closed support periods before support, 9,901 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	When interpreting this table note that there were 14,174 closed support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
4.	To ensure confidentiality, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
5.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A38: SAAP closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients: accommodation before and after support, by state and territory, Australia, 
2006–2007 (per cent)
	NSW		Vic		Qld		WA		SA		Tas		ACT		NT	
	Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After	
Type of house/dwelling																								
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	12.5	7.1		9.1	5.3		14.0	5.9		11.0	2.6		9.7	3.2		13.3	4.7		7.5	1.9		15.2	7.3	
House/flat	62.9	72.6		64.5	65.5		56.6	62.3		64.4	69.6		68.1	78.4		66.7	76.0		73.0	81.7		61.3	69.1	
Caravan/boarding or rooming house	7.2	6.6		16.7	19.2		14.8	18.4		8.3	8.8		7.3	8.2		9.8	9.3		8.1	7.0		11.5	11.9	
Hostel/hotel/motel	9.0	7.1		6.7	7.5		9.8	9.2		10.2	11.5		9.1	4.8		5.0	5.5		3.9	4.9		7.8	7.8	
Institutional setting	8.5	6.5		3.0	2.6		4.9	4.2		6.1	7.5		5.8	5.5		5.3	4.5		7.4	4.6		4.2	3.9	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	31,800	24,450		51,050	45,400		16,300	12,000		6,350	4,600		11,200	7,350		4,600	2,900		1,600	1,300		1,200	900	
Type of tenure 																								
SAAP/CAP accommodation	17.5	16.6		13.9	19.4		13.3	14.8		13.9	15.6		10.3	16.7		14.0	9.7		20.0	21.2		6.8	9.8	
Institutional setting	5.2	3.7		1.9	1.5		2.9	1.9		5.0	5.8		4.5	2.7		3.8	2.6		6.2	3.7		3.7	2.8	
Improvised dwelling/sleeping rough	10.1	5.8		7.8	4.5		10.7	4.1		9.6	1.5		8.4	2.7		11.5	4.2		7.2	1.8		12.3	4.1	
Other, no tenure 	3.7	2.5		2.1	1.4		3.7	2.1		0.6	0.5		1.9	1.0		1.9	0.8		0.5	0.3		3.6	1.2	
Purchased/purchasing own home	4.0	4.1		5.9	4.4		3.0	2.6		8.4	8.5		7.1	7.3		3.0	3.0		2.4	1.7		2.5	2.2	
Private rental	28.4	32.9		26.8	26.6		33.1	36.0		30.9	32.5		26.2	28.8		27.8	36.1		18.2	12.2		33.0	30.6	
Public housing rental	9.3	12.9		10.8	13.8		2.8	4.7		7.7	11.1		8.3	13.5		10.2	20.6		15.7	32.6		11.4	19.6	
Community housing rental	2.2	4.2		5.8	7.5		1.6	5.2		1.0	1.7		1.7	3.1		1.0	2.2		2.4	6.8		1.1	1.1	
Rent-free accommodation	7.7	6.3		7.9	5.4		8.6	6.6		5.7	4.8		11.8	10.1		6.4	4.2		13.8	10.2		5.6	6.5	
Boarding	11.9	11.0		17.0	15.5		20.4	22.0		17.2	18.2		19.7	14.0		20.3	16.5		13.5	9.6		20.0	22.0	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	29,750	22,950		48,050	43,200		15,150	11,200		5,900	4,300		10,600	6,900		4,350	2,800		1,500	1,250		1,150	850	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for type of house/dwelling (weighted): 9,879 closed support periods before support, 35,093 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for type of tenure (weighted): 17,496 closed support periods before support, 40,562 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	When interpreting this table note that there were 14,174 closed support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
4.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A39: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by living situation before and after support and state and territory, Australia, 
2006–2007 (per cent)
	NSW		Vic		Qld		WA		SA		Tas		ACT		NT	
	Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After	
Indigenous	
With parent(s)	10.2	8.0		6.4	4.4		8.9	8.2		7.3	6.3		5.0	3.9		9.6	7.5		14.2	12.1		5.5	5.7	
With spouse/partner with/without child(ren)	16.3	12.7		22.0	17.0		22.9	19.9		33.6	27.9		24.1	21.5		16.9	10.6		11.9	12.3		38.2	16.6	
Alone	16.7	19.2		22.4	26.0		18.3	21.8		6.4	6.6		10.2	12.4		24.2	30.4		13.9	17.1		6.5	7.1	
Alone with child(ren)	15.6	23.8		15.2	23.0		10.6	17.9		11.5	17.6		12.2	19.5		8.9	18.5		6.7	13.8		8.1	12.8	
With relatives/friends temporary	20.6	14.1		19.6	11.7		19.7	13.5		22.2	21.6		30.4	22.1		24.9	16.9		19.6	12.7		22.7	41.5	
With relatives/friends long-term	5.2	7.9		2.8	3.9		8.4	8.3		12.9	14.3		9.0	12.7		*	*		4.5	6.4		11.7	10.0	
With other unrelated persons	13.9	13.5		10.1	11.5		10.0	9.2		5.1	4.6		7.7	6.2		12.4	12.3		26.3	22.9		5.6	4.3	
Other(a)	1.6	0.9		1.4	2.3		1.2	1.1		0.9	1.0		1.4	1.8		*	*		3.0	2.6		1.6	2.1	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	7,100	5,800		3,100	2,700		5,200	4,050		5,200	4,100		3,800	2,650		600	400		250	200		2,800	2,050	
Non-Indigenous	
With parent(s)	10.3	8.2		6.4	4.3		9.3	7.5		9.3	6.4		9.6	8.1		10.5	6.9		12.6	8.6		7.4	8.5	
With spouse/partner with/without child(ren)	16.7	12.9		21.3	13.9		19.7	15.5		24.8	18.2		21.3	14.9		16.4	15.0		17.0	14.5		24.3	14.3	
Alone	25.8	27.0		32.6	37.2		30.7	34.8		19.4	20.3		18.4	22.2		26.2	33.6		15.7	21.4		27.0	27.5	
Alone with child(ren)	12.5	19.2		13.3	18.8		8.2	14.2		10.1	16.8		16.7	26.9		10.3	17.1		9.5	17.7		7.1	12.7	
With relatives/friends temporary	11.6	8.6		12.1	7.6		12.6	9.3		13.2	11.2		16.9	12.3		18.1	9.9		17.4	11.0		17.1	16.3	
With relatives/friends long-term	2.5	4.0		2.2	3.1		2.6	3.5		2.2	3.3		2.7	3.3		2.9	3.7		2.3	3.3		2.4	4.8	
With other unrelated persons	19.2	19.0		11.2	13.4		15.0	13.9		20.0	22.6		12.9	10.7		14.7	13.1		24.1	21.2		13.6	14.6	
Other(a)	1.4	1.0		1.0	1.5		2.0	1.4		1.0	1.3		1.6	1.8		1.0	0.7		1.4	2.2		1.1	1.3	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	31,000	25,050		51,850	46,850		16,150	12,700		6,500	4,900		11,400	7,550		4,700	3,100		1,600	1,350		1,200	1,000	
(a)	‘Other’ includes the category ‘With foster family’.
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for living situation (weighted): 25,618 closed support periods before support, 53,697 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	To ensure confidentiality, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A40: SAAP closed support periods for Indigenous clients: income and employment status before and after support, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–2007 (per cent)
	NSW		Vic		Qld		WA		SA		Tas		ACT		NT	
	Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After	
Main income source																								
No income	8.7	6.1		5.1	2.5		9.9	8.6		4.3	3.1		4.3	3.5		9.1	8.6		15.3	12.3		7.1	5.4	
Community Development Employment Project (CDEP)	1.7	1.6		0.5	0.4		2.4	2.3		7.7	7.6		3.3	2.1		*	*		*	*		5.0	4.5	
Newstart Allowance	20.4	20.4		24.8	24.9		27.0	27.2		17.3	17.4		24.5	24.1		21.9	19.2		18.2	17.1		25.0	23.6	
Youth Allowance	14.5	15.5		9.8	9.5		7.8	8.6		3.5	2.7		5.2	4.9		18.6	20.6		14.8	19.0		5.9	6.9	
Disability Support Pension	15.7	15.9		23.1	24.0		13.5	14.0		9.3	9.4		9.2	11.0		20.0	19.0		7.1	6.2		6.7	6.7	
Parenting Payment	32.1	33.2		30.4	32.0		29.5	29.4		47.9	49.8		30.0	32.4		20.6	21.4		24.4	23.8		42.1	44.2	
Abstudy	1.3	1.2		1.2	1.2		1.8	1.9		1.0	0.9		1.0	0.7		1.4	1.5		8.7	8.8		0.8	0.9	
Other government payments	2.3	2.3		2.2	2.1		2.0	2.0		4.6	4.8		19.3	17.7		4.0	4.8		*	*		3.8	4.0	
Wages/salary/own business	2.6	3.1		2.2	2.7		4.6	4.8		3.0	3.2		2.5	3.0		3.1	3.9		5.9	8.1		3.1	3.4	
Other income sources 	0.6	0.6		0.8	0.7		1.5	1.3		1.4	1.2		0.7	0.7		*	*		—	—		0.4	0.4	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	7,350	6,750		3,100	2,850		5,350	4,900		5,200	4,550		3,750	3,000		600	500		250	200		2,850	2,350	
Employment status																								
Employed full time	1.7	2.3		1.6	2.2		3.3	3.8		2.6	3.2		1.1	1.3		1.3	2.7		5.1	7.2		3.0	3.2	
Employed part time	3.8	4.7		3.1	3.6		5.5	6.0		8.5	8.4		5.6	5.0		4.6	5.9		3.6	5.0		6.0	5.9	
Unemployed (looking for work)	20.0	19.4		20.8	19.9		20.4	18.6		13.1	12.3		16.0	13.6		27.0	22.6		24.3	23.2		14.7	9.6	
Not in labour force	74.5	73.6		74.5	74.3		70.9	71.6		75.8	76.1		77.4	80.2		67.1	68.7		67.1	64.6		76.3	81.2	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	7,100	6,450		3,050	2,750		4,900	4,250		5,150	4,350		3,100	2,650		600	450		250	200		2,850	2,300	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for main income source (weighted): 1,511 closed support periods before support, 4,912 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for employment status (weighted): 2,989 closed support periods before support, 6,587 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	When interpreting this table note that there were 14,174 closed support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
4.	To ensure confidentiality, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
5.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A41: SAAP closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients: income and employment status before and after support, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–2007 (per cent)
	NSW		Vic		Qld		WA		SA		Tas		ACT		NT	
	Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After		Before	After	
Main income source																								
No income	10.9	7.2		7.3	5.0		10.9	7.9		12.0	8.1		10.3	7.5		8.5	6.8		12.8	9.4		15.6	10.4	
Community Development Employment Project (CDEP)	—	—		—	—		0.1	0.1		0.1	—		—	—		0.1	*		—	*		*	0.8	
Newstart Allowance	22.6	22.4		24.1	24.3		26.1	25.6		26.1	25.4		20.2	21.3		26.7	25.6		21.0	18.1		19.8	18.5	
Youth Allowance	12.6	13.7		9.5	9.4		10.6	11.4		10.2	9.9		10.1	9.8		15.5	16.2		16.3	17.0		11.7	13.0	
Disability Support Pension	23.4	23.6		25.7	26.7		22.8	23.1		14.8	14.9		18.4	20.0		22.2	22.7		14.8	15.1		15.6	15.4	
Parenting Payment	18.9	20.5		21.4	22.5		17.3	18.1		18.0	19.8		27.1	27.1		19.6	20.1		20.8	24.3		15.7	18.1	
Abstudy	0.1	0.1		—	—		—	—		0.1	—		—	0.1		—	—		—	—		*	0.1	
Other government payments	3.7	3.7		4.3	4.5		4.7	4.8		3.2	3.8		3.0	3.4		3.4	3.5		2.0	2.0		4.1	3.9	
Wages/salary/own business	6.1	7.3		5.6	6.1		5.7	7.7		12.3	15.4		6.9	7.5		3.1	4.3		11.0	12.5		14.8	17.9	
Other income sources 	1.6	1.3		2.0	1.5		1.8	1.2		3.3	2.6		4.0	3.4		1.0	*		1.3	*		1.9	1.8	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	31,750	29,300		51,900	49,200		16,600	14,900		6,500	5,850		11,000	9,500		4,700	3,600		1,600	1,450		1,250	1,100	
Employment status																								
Employed full time	3.6	4.8		3.2	3.7		3.8	5.9		9.0	11.9		3.7	4.6		1.6	2.6		7.9	10.1		9.7	13.3	
Employed part time	6.1	7.3		5.7	6.2		6.3	7.6		9.4	10.4		6.9	7.2		5.4	6.0		10.5	12.8		9.5	10.4	
Unemployed (looking for work)	19.0	17.7		20.5	19.8		26.5	25.1		26.0	21.7		24.0	22.5		28.9	27.5		21.4	18.8		24.1	19.3	
Not in labour force	71.3	70.2		70.6	70.3		63.4	61.4		55.6	56.0		65.4	65.7		64.2	63.9		60.2	58.2		56.8	57.0	
Total	100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0		100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	30,950	28,000		51,650	48,300		16,200	14,100		6,450	5,700		10,600	9,050		4,650	3,500		1,600	1,400		1,250	1,100	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for main income source (weighted): 8,665 closed support periods before support, 19,091 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
2.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions for employment status (weighted): 10,697 closed support periods before support, 22,811 closed support periods after support (including ‘Don’t know’ and ‘Client left without providing any information’).
3.	When interpreting this table note that there were 14,174 closed support periods nationally (weighted) for which ‘Indigenous status’ was not known.
4.	To ensure confidentiality, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
5.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A42: SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by the existence of a case management plan and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Case management plan	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		       Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
Yes	60.5	58.8	53.7	40.1	72.0	63.2	66.3	64.4	57.0	15,150	
No, client did not agree to one	8.3	6.5	16.6	19.6	6.8	5.7	*	*	11.4	3,050	
No, support period too short	30.4	32.9	29.3	39.2	20.8	28.6	23.5	28.4	30.8	8,150	
No, other reason	0.8	1.8	0.4	1.0	0.4	2.4	*	*	0.8	200	
Total 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	27.3	11.1	18.4	18.9	10.9	2.2	0.9	10.3	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	7,250	2,950	4,900	5,000	2,900	600	250	2,750	. .	26,550	
Non-Indigenous	
Yes	63.0	58.3	60.0	61.1	67.2	65.3	73.0	77.3	61.3	74,900	
No, client did not agree to one	7.5	6.2	9.2	12.5	8.7	6.7	6.0	*	7.4	9,100	
No, support period too short	28.1	34.3	30.5	25.7	23.7	25.5	20.2	18.8	30.2	36,900	
No, other reason	1.4	1.2	0.3	0.6	0.5	2.5	0.8	*	1.1	1,300	
Total 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	26.5	41.4	13.4	4.7	8.1	3.7	1.3	1.0	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	32,350	50,600	16,350	5,750	9,850	4,550	1,600	1,200	. .	122,200	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 29,319 closed support periods.
2.	To ensure confidentiality, some cells in this table have been replaced with ‘*’. While these cases are not presented separately, they are included in the total.
3.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A43: SAAP closed support periods where a case management plan was in place by the end of support: extent to which the client’s case management goals were achieved, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07 (per cent)
Achievement of goals	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT		       Total	
									%	Number	
Indigenous	
All goals achieved 	33.3	43.9	32.7	24.7	56.0	26.6	27.8	53.2	38.5	5,750	
Most or some goals achieved	60.2	48.4	57.4	65.0	38.7	61.7	64.5	44.1	54.2	8,150	
No goals achieved	6.6	7.7	9.9	10.3	5.3	11.7	7.7	2.7	7.3	1,100	
Total 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	29.1	11.6	17.1	13.3	13.7	2.5	1.0	11.7	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	4,350	1,750	2,550	2,000	2,050	350	150	1,750	. .	15,000	
Non-Indigenous	
All goals achieved 	32.5	49.3	26.7	19.2	32.6	34.9	25.9	32.4	37.8	28,000	
Most or some goals achieved	60.4	45.2	63.5	69.6	60.4	58.1	68.6	61.2	55.2	40,950	
No goals achieved	7.1	5.5	9.8	11.1	7.0	7.1	5.6	6.4	7.0	5,150	
Total 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	. .	
Total (row %)	27.3	39.7	12.7	4.7	8.8	4.0	1.5	1.2	100.0	. .	
Total (number)	20,200	29,400	9,450	3,500	6,550	2,950	1,150	900	. .	74,100	
Notes
1.	Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 6,895 closed support periods.
2.	Figures have been weighted to adjust for agency non-participation and client non-consent.
Source: SAAP Client Collection.
Appendix 2	Counting rules and glossary
In this report the following rules and definitions have been used when counting clients or support periods in particular groups. For detailed descriptions of categories and other terms used in this report, please refer to the SAAP collectors manual (AIHW 2005).

Accommodated client	A client is considered to be accommodated during a support period if the support type of SAAP/CAP accommodation was provided and/or a date of accommodation was provided.	
Accommodation period	The period during which a client was in SAAP supported accommodation (also referred to as a period of accommodation). A client may have no accommodation periods or one or more accommodation periods within a support period. The dates on which each accommodation period began and ended during the support period are collected for clients but not for accompanying children. However, it can be reasonably assumed that an accompanying child will have the same accommodation period start and end dates as their parent(s) or guardian(s) in the majority of cases.	
Accompanying child	A person aged under 18 years who:
•	has a parent or guardian who is a SAAP client; and 
•	accompanies that client to a SAAP agency any time during that client’s support period; and/or 
•	receives assistance directly as a consequence of a parent or guardian’s support period.	
Accompanying child requiring assistance	An accompanying child is said to require assistance if any information concerning the need for or provision of services (including referrals) has been reported for the child.	
Accompanying child support period	Each support period in which the child either accompanies a parent or guardian to a SAAP agency or receives assistance as a result of a parent or guardian’s support period.
Within an accompanying child support period the child may receive one-off assistance and/or support over a period of time. Since the child may not be supported for the entire duration of a parent’s or guardian’s support period, it is not possible to assess the exact length of support for an accompanying child. However, it can be reasonably assumed that an accompanying child will have the same support period start and end dates as their parent(s) or guardian(s) in the majority of cases.	
Age	The age of the client or accompanying child is calculated from their date of birth and is either their age at the beginning of the support period or their age on the first day of the reporting period (1 July), whichever is the later.
Note that from 2003–04 to 2005–06, for clients with an age of less than 1 year, age was set to an error. From 2006–07 onwards, an age of 0 years is considered valid.	
Agency	An organisation or establishment that receives a specified amount of SAAP funds to provide services.
A SAAP agency is included for 2006–07 if information about funding allocations was provided for 2006–07 and the agency operated for some part of the period 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007. 
The number and profile of agencies change each year as a result of the amalgamation or splitting of agencies, the opening of new agencies, or the reclassification of service delivery models or target groups. These changes are determined by state and territory government departments.
See also participating agency.	
Alpha code	A predetermined combination of letters from a client’s or accompanying child’s name, together with a letter designating their sex. See also valid alpha code.	
At imminent risk of homelessness	Includes people who are at risk of losing their housing because of factors that do not pose a threat to their safety, for example, interpersonal conflicts that do not involve violence. A person who requires the support of a SAAP worker to maintain their current housing situation and live independently in the community may also be considered to be at risk of becoming homeless.	
Client	A person who is homeless or at imminent risk of homelessness who:
•	is accommodated by a SAAP agency; or
•	enters into an ongoing support relationship with a SAAP agency; or
•	receives support or assistance from a SAAP agency which entails generally 1 hour or more of a worker’s time, either with that client directly or on behalf of that client, on a given day.
This includes people who are aged 18 years or older and people of any age not accompanied by a parent or guardian.
Client records from operational SAAP agencies are included in the analyses presented in this report if:
•	the client’s support period ended in the reporting period, or
•	the client’s support period started on or before the end of the reporting period and either was ongoing at the end of the reporting period (30 June) or the end date of the support period was unknown and the record was entered by the NDCA before the data entry close-off date for the reporting period.
Tables detailing the characteristics of individual clients generally present data collected during the client’s first support period in the reporting period.	
Closed accompanying child support periods	An accompanying child support period associated with a closed support period.	
Closed support period	A support period that had finished on or before the end of the reporting period—30 June.	
Homeless person	A person who does not have access to safe, secure and adequate housing. A person is considered not to have access to safe, secure and adequate housing if the only housing to which they have access:
•	damages, or is likely to damage, their health; or
•	threatens their safety; or
•	marginalises them through failing to provide access to:
–	adequate personal amenities, or
–	the economic and social supports that a home normally affords; or
•	places them in circumstances which threaten or adversely affect the adequacy, safety, security and affordability of that housing; or
•	has no security of tenure—that is, they have no legal right to continued occupation of their home.
A person is also considered homeless if he or she is living in accommodation provided by a SAAP agency or some other form of emergency accommodation.	
House/dwelling	The SAAP Client Collection specifies 10 categories of house or dwelling type for clients:
•	improvised dwelling/car/tent/squat
•	street/park/in the open
•	house/flat
•	caravan
•	boarding/rooming house
•	hostel/hotel/motel
•	hospital
•	psychiatric institution
•	prison/youth training centre
•	other institutional setting.	
Income source	The SAAP Client Collection specifies 22 distinct categories for the main income source of clients. In this report, the categories are combined into four groups:
•	no income—including no income and no income, registered/awaiting benefit
•	government payments—including Newstart Allowance; Youth Allowance; Community Development Employment Program (CDEP); ABSTUDY; Austudy; Disability Support Pension; Age Pension; Parenting Payment; Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA) payment (support or pension); and any other government allowance or benefit
•	other income—including Workcover or compensation; maintenance or child support; wages or salary or income from a client’s own business; spouse or partner’s income; and any other income source not specified above.	
Length of accommodation	Accommodation length is obtained by summing the individual accommodation lengths reported for a support period. An individual accommodation length is obtained by subtracting the accommodation start date from the accommodation finish date for those periods with valid dates. If a client starts and ends accommodation on the same date, the length of accommodation is recorded as zero.
A support period with accommodation may begin before the start of the financial year. For this report, length of accommodation is the total length of accommodation within a support period, not the length of accommodation within the financial year.
Note that, in 2006–07, new edits were applied to ensure that accommodation periods are valid. This means that the calculation of length of accommodation is not strictly comparable with previous years.	
Length of support	The length of support is calculated by subtracting the support period start date from the support period finish date. 
A support period may begin before the start of the financial year. For this report, length of support refers to the length of the entire support period, not the length of support within the financial year.
Note that, in 2006–07, new edits were applied to ensure that support period start and end dates were valid. This means that the calculation of length of support is not strictly comparable with previous years.	
Living situation	The SAAP Client Collection specifies 11 distinct categories for the living situation of clients and allows agencies to record other types of living situation not listed on the data form:
•	with both parents
•	with one parent and parent’s spouse/partner
•	with one parent
•	with foster family
•	with relatives/friends temporary
•	with relatives/friends long-term
•	with spouse/partner
•	with spouse/partner and child(ren)
•	alone with child(ren)
•	alone
•	with other unrelated persons
•	other.	
Mean	For non-funding support period or client-level items, the mean value of an item is the weighted arithmetic average of the item using relevant records with valid values.
For funding items, the mean is the total funding as reported, divided by the relevant number of units. For funding per support period or per client, weighted estimates of support periods or clients are used in this division.	
Median	The median is the fiftieth percentile of a distribution. This is the value of an item such that half (using weights) of relevant records with valid values are below this value and half are above it.	
Ongoing support period	A support period is considered ongoing at the end of the reporting period if each of the following conditions is met:
•	No support end-date is provided.
•	No after-support information is provided.
•	The corresponding client form was received in the month following the end of the reporting period.
Ongoing support periods are generally not included in tables relating to duration of support or accommodation.	
Ongoing support relationship	An ongoing support relationship exists between a SAAP agency and a person if some assistance has been provided to that person, and it is expected that future contact will occur between the person and the agency for the purpose of providing additional assistance. Future contact can be assumed if:
•	a definite appointment has been made with the person to work through particular problems/issues; or
•	an agreement has been reached with the person to work through particular problems/issues even if a specific appointment has not been made; or
•	the agency expects the client to return for more assistance within a month.
However, an invitation to return to the agency in the future if the need arises does not constitute an ongoing support relationship. Rather it should simply be seen as an offer to enter into a new support period or to provide assistance at some future time.	
Percentages	Percentages presented in the report are based on valid values only; that is, records without values for the relevant data item are excluded from the denominator before percentages are calculated.	
Per 10,000 population	Calculated by dividing the SAAP population in the designated group by the estimated resident Australian population in that group and multiplying by 10,000. To estimate a ‘1 in…’ number, divide the presented ‘per 10,000’ number by 10,000 or alternatively divide the presented Australian population by the presented SAAP population.	
Period of accommodation	See accommodation period. 	
Primary target group	Refers to the primary target group of the agency, that is, the primary characteristics of persons to whom a SAAP service is targeted. There are six classifications used by the SAAP National Data Collection. These are:
•	young people
•	single men only
•	single women only
•	families
•	women and children escaping domestic violence
•	cross-target/multiple/general.	
Referral	For the purposes of the National Data Collection, a referral involves a formal process—not simply the provision of information. A (formal) referral occurs when a SAAP agency contacts another organisation and that organisation accepts the person concerned for an appointment or interview. A referral has not been provided if the person is not accepted for an appointment or interview.	
Region	Region in this national report is based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) Remoteness Structure (ABS 2007b). The delimitation criteria for remote areas (RAs) are based on the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) developed by the then Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care (DHAC) and the National Key Centre For Social Applications of GIS (GISCA). ARIA classifies areas based on the accessibility of services and remoteness in terms of population size and how far a person must travel in order to access services.
The ASGC has six categories based on an aggregation of geographical areas which share common characteristics of remoteness. This report uses five of these categories: 
1.	Major Cities of Australia
2.	Inner Regional Australia
3.	Outer Regional Australia
4.	Remote Australia
5.	Very Remote Australia. 
For more detail refer to ABS 2007b.
For this report, a concordance produced by the ABS and based on the 2006 Census has been used. This concordance is used to convert Postal Area (postcode) data to the five category ASGC Remoteness codes. The variable called postal area was derived directly from the Collection District (CD) on the 2006 Census form, rather than using the respondent’s written in postcode. A Postal Area (POA) is created by allocating whole CDs to Australia Post postcode areas. Allocations have been determined using the best available information on postcode boundaries. 
The ABS POA/ASGC Remoteness classification excludes some Australia Post postcodes, such as post office boxes, mail back competitions, large volume receivers and specialist delivery postcodes. These postcodes have not been represented in the POA Classification because they are only valid for postal addresses and are not a valid location for population data. However, the AIHW concordance has been supplemented with these postcodes to enable users to allocate all postcode-based administrative data to ASGC Remoteness.
The concordance between Postal Area and Remoteness is not a one-to-one concordance. Therefore percentages are included in the concordance to quantify the proportion of the population residing in a postcode which lives in each specified Remoteness category.	
Rounding 	Numbers of support periods and clients are rounded to 100 in the body of this report, and are rounded to 50 for the state and territory tables in Appendix 1. Percentages are rounded to one decimal place in tables and to whole numbers in the text. 	
Statistical linkage key (SLK)	A statistical linkage key (SLK) is a derived variable that allows demographic data about the same client to be combined across support periods without the name of the client being recorded. 
See also valid SLK. 	
Support/service	Assistance, other than supported accommodation, provided to a client or accompanying child as part of a support period.
See also type of support/service.	
Support period	Commences when a client begins to receive support and/or supported accommodation from a SAAP agency. The support period is considered to finish when:
•	the client ends the relationship with the agency; or
•	the agency ends the relationship with the client.
If it is not clear whether the agency or the client has ended the relationship, the support period is assumed to have ended if no assistance has been provided to the client for a period of 1 month. In such a case, the date the support period ended is the last contact with the client.	
Support period with accommodation	A support period in which a support type of SAAP/CAP accommodation was provided and/or a date of SAAP/CAP accommodation was provided.	
Supported accommodation	Accommodation owned, managed or arranged and paid for by a SAAP agency. The accommodation may be provided at the agency or may be purchased using SAAP funds—at a motel, for example.	
Target group	See primary target group.	
Tenure	Tenure describes a person’s legal right to occupy a dwelling, that is, whether the dwelling they occupied immediately before and after support was owned, being purchased or rented. If a dwelling was being rented information is also collected on whether that renting is in the private rental market, public housing or community housing. Clients may also be boarding or living rent-free or have no tenure.	
Type of support/service	The Client Collection specifies 34 distinct types of services (or support) for clients and 17 distinct types of services (or support) for accompanying children and allows agencies to record other types not listed on the data form. 
For clients, this report presents individual service or support types and includes a subtotal for six distinct groupings. The major classifications for clients are:
•	housing or accommodation—SAAP or CAP accommodation; assistance to obtain or maintain short-term accommodation; assistance to obtain or maintain medium-term accommodation; and assistance to obtain or maintain independent housing
•	financial or employment—assistance to obtain or maintain a government allowance; employment and training assistance; financial assistance or material aid; and financial counselling and support
•	personal support—incest or sexual assault support; domestic or family violence support; family or relationship support; emotional support; and assistance with problem gambling
•	general support and advocacy—living skills or personal development; assistance with legal issues or court support; advice or information; retrieval, storage or removal of personal belongings; and advocacy or liaison on behalf of client
•	specialist services—psychological services; specialist counselling services; psychiatric services; pregnancy support; family planning support; drug or alcohol support or intervention; physical disability services; intellectual disability services; culturally specific services; interpreter services; assistance with immigration issues; and health or medical services
•	basic support and services not elsewhere specified (n.e.s.)—meals; laundry or shower facilities; recreation; transport; and other support.
For accompanying children, this report presents individual service or support types and includes a subtotal for six distinct groupings. The major classifications for accompanying children are: 
•	accommodation—SAAP or CAP accommodation
•	school liaison and child care—school liaison; and child care
•	personal support—help with behavioural problems; sexual or physical abuse support; skills education; and structured play or skill development
•	general support and advocacy—access arrangements; advice or information; and advocacy
•	specialist services—specialist counselling; culturally specific services; and health or medical services
•	basic support and services not elsewhere specified (n.e.s.)—meals; showers or hygiene; recreation; transport; and other support.
Note that support for accompanying children is recorded on only one parent’s/guardian’s form when a couple presents to an agency.
For further information, refer to the collectors manual (AIHW 2005) for the definitions.	
Unmet need	An unmet need occurs when a SAAP agency worker assesses that a client needs a support service during their support period, and that service is not provided or referred.	
Valid alpha code	This is an alpha code that is given with informed consent, and contains only letters from the alphabet or the numeral ‘2’ (to indicate a short name) and ends in either M or F to indicate the sex.	
Valid consent	Refers to a valid statistical linkage key.	
Valid date of birth	For the purposes of the National Data Collection, a valid date of birth is one which is provided with informed consent and has:
•	the day, month and year of birth completed and not estimated; or
•	the day and month of birth completed and not estimated, and the year of birth completed (either estimated or not estimated).	
Valid statistical linkage key (SLK)	For the purposes of the National Data Collection, a valid SLK comprises a valid alpha code and valid date of birth that were supplied for a support period where the client gave informed consent.
Note that in 2006–07 the edits and rules surrounding the determination of a valid SLK were tightened. This was done to further strengthen the reliability of the linkage key.	
Appendix 3	SAAP NDC Client Collection form

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

References
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 2007a. Australian demographic statistics, March quarter 2007. ABS cat. no. 3101.0. Canberra: ABS.
ABS 2007b. Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC). ABS cat. no. 1216.0. Canberra: ABS.
ABS 2007c. Population distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. ABS cat. no. 4705.0. Canberra: ABS.
ABS 2008. Population characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. ABS cat. no. 4713.0. Canberra: ABS.
ABS & AIHW 2008. The Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. ABS cat. no. 4704.0, AIHW cat. no. IHW 21. Canberra: ABS & AIHW.
AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare) 2005. SAAP National Data Collection Agency collectors manual July 2005. Canberra: AIHW.
AIHW 2008a. Population database, based on 2006 Census postal area/ASGC remoteness concordance.
AIHW 2008b. Homeless people in SAAP: SAAP National Data Collection annual report 2006–07 Australia. SAAP NDCA report Series 12. Cat. no. HOU 185. Canberra: AIHW. 
Chamberlain C & MacKenzie D 2008. Counting the Homeless 2006, Australian Census Analytic Program. Cat. no. 2050.0. Canberra: ABS. 
FaHCSIA (Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs) 2005. SAAP V multilateral agreement. Canberra: FaHCSIA. Viewed 11 July 2008, <www.facs.gov.au/internet/facsinternet.nsf/vIA/saap3/$File/SAAP_V_Multitlateral_Agreement.pdf>
GISCA (National Centre for Social Applications of GIS). Adelaide. Viewed 19 September 2007, <www.gisca.adelaide.edu.au/projects/aria>.
Keys Young 1998. Homelessness in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander context and its possible implications for the Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP). Sydney: FaCS.
Taylor J & Biddle N 2008. Locations of Indigenous population change: what can we say?. Working paper No. 43/2008. Canberra: Australian National University: Centre for Aboriginal economic policy research. 
List of tables
Table 2.1:	SAAP clients: sex and age, by Indigenous status, Australia, 2006–07
Table 2.2:	SAAP accompanying children: selected measures by Indigenous status,  
Australia, 2006–07
Table 2.3:	Indigenous SAAP clients: number of support periods per client, by sex and age, 
Australia, 2006–07
Table 2.4:	Non-Indigenous SAAP clients: number of support periods per client, 
by sex and age, Australia, 2006–07
Table 2.5:	Mean number of accompanying child support periods per support period, 
by Indigenous status of client and client group, Australia, 2006–07
Table 3.1:	SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by primary target group of agency and 
client group, Australia, 2006–07
Table 3.2:	SAAP accompanying child support periods: Indigenous status, by primary target 
group of agency and client group, Australia, 2006–07
Table 3.3:	SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by main reason for seeking assistance, 
Australia, 2006–07
Table 4.1:	SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by region and client group, Australia, 
2006–07
Table 4.2:	SAAP accompanying child support periods: Indigenous status, by region and 
client group, Australia, 2006–07
Table 5.1:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by length of support and client 
group, Australia, 2006–07
Table 5.2:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by length of support and sex, 
Australia, 2006–07
Table 5.3:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by support periods with or 
without accommodation and client group, Australia, 2006–07
Table 5.4:	SAAP closed support periods in which clients were accommodated: Indigenous 
status, by length of accommodation and client group, Australia, 2006–07
Table 6.1:	SAAP closed support periods: services required for clients, by Indigenous status, 
Australia, 2006–07
Table 6.2:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: services required for 
accompanying children, by indigenous status, Australia, 2006–07
Table 6.3:	SAAP closed support periods: services required for Indigenous clients, 
by provision, Australia, 2006–07
Table 6.4:	SAAP closed support periods: services required for non-Indigenous clients, 
by provision, Australia, 2006–07
Table 6.5:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: services required for 
Indigenous accompanying children, by provision, Australia, 2006–07
Table 6.6:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: services required for 
non-Indigenous accompanying children, by provision, Australia, 2006–07
Table 7.1:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by accommodation and living 
situation before and after support, Australia, 2006–07
Table 7.2:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by income and employment 
status before and after support, Australia, 2006–07
Table 7.3:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status and sex, by accommodation 
and living situation before and after support, Australia, 2006–07
Table 7.4:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status and sex, by income and 
employment status before and after support, Australia, 2006–07
Table 7.5:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by accommodation and living 
situation after support and length of support, Australia, 2006–07
Table 7.6:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by income and employment 
status after support and length of support, Australia, 2006–07
Table 8.1:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by existence of a case management 
plan, Australia, 2006–07
Table 8.2:	SAAP closed support periods where a case management plan was in place by the end 
of the support period: Indigenous status, by the extent to which the client’s case management goals were achieved, Australia, 2006–07
Table A1:	SAAP Indigenous clients: selected measures, by state and territory, 
Australia, 2006–07
Table A2:	SAAP non-Indigenous clients: selected measures, by state and territory, 
Australia, 2006–07
Table A3:	SAAP Indigenous accompanying children: selected measures by state and 
territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A4:	SAAP non-Indigenous accompanying children: selected measures by state and 
territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A5:	SAAP clients: Indigenous status, by number of support periods per client and 
state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A6:	SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by primary target group of agency and 
state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A7:	SAAP accompanying child support periods: Indigenous status, by state and 
territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A8:	SAAP support periods: Indigenous status, by region and state and territory, 
Australia, 2006–07
Table A9:	SAAP accompanying child support periods: Indigenous status, by region and state 
and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A10:	SAAP support periods: main reason for seeking assistance for Indigenous clients, 
by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A11:	SAAP support periods: main reason for seeking assistance for non-Indigenous 
clients, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A12:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by support periods with or 
without accommodation and state or territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A13:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by length of support and state 
and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A14:	SAAP closed support periods for Indigenous clients: length of support, by sex 
and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A15:	SAAP closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients: length of support, 
by sex and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A16:	SAAP closed support periods in which clients were accommodated: Indigenous 
status, by length of accommodation and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A17:	SAAP closed support periods for Indigenous clients: services required, by state 
and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A18:	SAAP closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients: services required, 
by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A19:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods for Indigenous children: 
services required, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A20:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods for non-Indigenous children:
services required, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A21:	SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, 
by Indigenous status and provision, New South Wales, 2006–07
Table A22:	SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, 
by Indigenous status and provision, Victoria, 2006–07
Table A23:	SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, 
by Indigenous status and provision, Queensland, 2006–07
Table A24:	SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, 
by Indigenous status and provision, Western Australia, 2006–07
Table A25:	SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, 
by Indigenous status and provision, South Australia, 2006–07
Table A26:	SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, 
by Indigenous status and provision, Tasmania, 2006–07
Table A27:	SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, 
by Indigenous status and provision, Australian Capital Territory, 2006–07
Table A28:	SAAP closed support periods: broad types of services required for clients, 
by Indigenous status and provision, Northern Territory, 2006–07
Table A29:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services 
required for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, New 
South Wales, 2006–07
Table A30:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required 
for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Victoria, 2006–07
Table A31:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required 
for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Queensland, 2006–07
Table A32:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required 
for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Western Australia, 
2006–07
Table A33:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required 
for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, South Australia, 
2006–07
Table A34:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required 
for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Tasmania, 2006–07
Table A35:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required 
for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Australian Capital Territory,  2006–07
Table A36:	SAAP closed accompanying child support periods: broad types of services required 
for accompanying children, by Indigenous status and provision, Northern Territory, 
2006–07
Table A37:	SAAP closed support periods for Indigenous clients: accommodation before and 
after support, by state and territory, Australia,  2006–2007
Table A38:	SAAP closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients: accommodation before 
and after support, by state and territory, Australia,  2006–2007
Table A39:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by living situation before and 
after support and state and territory, Australia,  2006–2007
Table A40:	SAAP closed support periods for Indigenous clients: income and employment 
status before and after support, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–2007
Table A41:	SAAP closed support periods for non-Indigenous clients: income and employment 
status before and after support, by state and territory, Australia, 2006–2007
Table A42:	SAAP closed support periods: Indigenous status, by the existence of a case 
management plan and state and territory, Australia, 2006–07
Table A43:	SAAP closed support periods where a case management plan was in place by the 
end of support: extent to which the client’s case management goals were achieved, 
by state and territory, Australia, 2006–07

List of figures
Figure 2.1:	SAAP clients: Indigenous status, by sex and age, Australia, 2006–07
Figure 2.2:	SAAP clients: number of SAAP clients per 10,000 population aged 10 years and 
over, by Indigenous status, Australia, 2006–07
Figure 2.3:	SAAP accompanying children: Indigenous status by sex and age, 
Australia,  2006–07
Figure 3.1:	Support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients by client group, 
Australia, 2006–07
Figure 3.2:	Support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by primary target 
group of agency, Australia, 2006–07
Figure 3.3:	Support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by main reason for 
seeking assistance, Australia, 2006–07
Figure 4.1:	Support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by region of agency, 
Australia, 2006–07
Figure 5.1:	Closed support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by mean and 
median length of support, Australia, 2006–07
Figure 5.2:	Closed support periods with accommodation for Indigenous and non-Indigenous 
clients, by mean and median length of accommodation, Australia, 2006–07
Figure 6.1:	Closed support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, by broad types 
of services required, Australia, 2006–07
Figure 6.2:	Closed accompanying child support periods for Indigenous and non-Indigenous accompanying children, by broad types of services required, Australia, 2006–07